N212 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 2026 Update 100- Correct

N212Pathophysiology Exam1StudyGuide |Questionsand Answers |
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2026 Update | 100% Correct - Eastwick College.
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N212PathophysiologyStudyGuide as s
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Exam 1 as




FocusPoints: Sinusitis
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● Etiology
- Sinusitis, oftencalled rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation ofthe mucous membranes of one or mo as as as as as as as as as as as as as as




re of the sinuses, usuallythe maxillaryor frontal sinus. Swelling of the mucosa can block the drai
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nage of secretions, which can cause a sinus infection. as as as as as as as as




- Sinusitis often occurs after rhinitis and can be associated with a deviated nasal septum, nasalp as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as




olyps, inhaledair pollutantsorcocaine,facialtrauma, dentalinfections, orlossof immune func
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tion.
- Theinfectionisoftencausedbyavirus,Streptococcuspneumoniae,Haemophilus influ
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enzae, diplococcus, and bacteroides. as as as




Medications
Nasal decongestants, suchas phenylephrine, areusedto reduce swellingof the mucosa.
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Client education as




- Begin over-the-counter decongestant useatthe first manifestation ofsinusitis. as as as as as as as as as




- Manifestationsofreboundnasalcongestioncanoccurifdecongestantsareusedformore than 3 t as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as




o 4 days. as as




- Broad-
spectrumantibiotics, suchasamoxicillin,areusedon alimitedbasis fora confirmed ca as as as as as as as as as as as as as as




usative bacterial pathogen. as as




- Painreliefmedications includeNSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin.
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TherapeuticProcedures as




- Deviatedseptum repair as as




- Surgical excision ofnasal polyps as as as as




● Viralvsbacterialtreatments forsinusitis as as as as as




Themostcommonsinusinfectionareviralandaccountfor~90% ofcases. These viral patho
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gens are often caused by the common cold virus or influenza virus.
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Viralinfectionswilltypicallyresolveontheirownand DONOTneed antibiotics. Viral infections us
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ually resolve with a few weeks w/o antibiotics.
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Nursing Interventions: as




Treatthe symptoms with NSAID, Salineorcorticosteroid nasal sprays, decongestants, and
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, antihistamines.
Surgerymaybe required if sinusitis becomes achroniccondition (greater than 3 months). as as as as as as as as as as as as as




Sinusinfectionscanalso becausedbybacterialpathogens, butlesscommon(10%ofcases). Usually occ
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ur due to unresolved viral infections.
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Thebacteria comesfrom the noseand throat. Antibiotics maybe need to theinfection.
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MostcommonbacterialpathogenisStepPneumoniaeandHemophilusInfluenzae Oral ant
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ibiotics used to treat bacterial sinus infections: Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, as as as as as as as as




Levofloxacin.Azithromycin“Z- as as




pack”isoverprescribedandnotgeneralnotrecommended due to antibiotic resistance.
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Sinusitiscanalso becausedbyallergic “allergicsinusitis”andfungal infectionsalthough rare. as as as as as as as as as as as as as




Questions:

1.


Q:Anurseis providingcareto a clientwho reports facial pain, including dental pain in the upper teeth.
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Which of the following additional symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect sinusitis as the source of
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the pain? as




A:Theclienthasnasalcongestionthatdoesnotsignificantlyimprovewithover-the- s
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counter decongestants or antihistamines. as as as




Explanation: The client has nasal congestion that does not significantlyimprove with over-the- as as as as as as as as as as as as




counter decongestants or antihistamines: Persistent nasal congestion despite the use of decongestantso
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rantihistaminesisacommonsymptomofsinusitis,indicatingthatthesourceof the problem may be infla
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mmation or infection in the sinuses. as as as as as




2.
Q: Anurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis.
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Whichofthefollowinginstructions should thenurseprovideto the client? Selectall that apply.
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A.
Apply warm compresses. as as




B.
Completeprescribedantibiotics. s
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C.
Avoid smoking. as




D.