Objective Assessment | OA V1 and V2 | Questions and Answers | 2026
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SECTION 1: TELECOMMUNICATIONS FUNDAMENTALS & SIGNAL
THEORY (Questions 1-25)
Question 1:
Which term describes the range of frequencies a communication channel can transmit?
A) Throughput
B) Bandwidth
C) Latency
D) Jitter
*Rationale: * Bandwidth is the frequency range available for data transmission.
Throughput is actual data transfer rate, latency is delay, and jitter is variation in packet
arrival time .
Question 2:
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is best described as:
A) Signal power divided by noise power
B) Noise power divided by signal power
,C) Total power divided by bandwidth
D) Bandwidth divided by data rate
*Rationale: * SNR compares the level of desired signal to background noise. Higher SNR
indicates a clearer, more reliable signal and better link reliability .
Question 3:
Which modulation technique varies the amplitude of a carrier wave?
A) Frequency Modulation (FM)
B) Phase Modulation (PM)
C) Amplitude Modulation (AM)
D) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
*Rationale: * AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave to encode data. FM varies
frequency, PM varies phase, and QPSK varies phase in four states .
Question 4:
The primary purpose of multiplexing is to:
A) Encrypt data
B) Combine multiple signals over a shared medium
C) Increase signal noise
D) Reduce latency only
*Rationale: * Multiplexing improves medium utilization by allowing multiple signals to
share the same physical transmission path .
Question 5:
In Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), channels are separated by:
A) Frequency bands
B) Time slots
,C) Wavelength
D) Code sequences
*Rationale: * TDM assigns each channel a specific time slot in a rotating sequence. FDM
uses frequency bands, and CDMA uses code sequences .
Question 6:
Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) assigns:
A) Unique codes
B) Unique time slots
C) Unique frequency bands
D) Unique ports
*Rationale: * FDM allocates different frequency bands to different channels
simultaneously, allowing multiple signals to coexist .
Question 7:
When a signal loses strength as it travels over distance, this is known as:
A) Attenuation
B) Amplification
C) Modulation
D) Multiplexing
*Rationale: * Attenuation is the loss of signal strength over distance. Amplification
increases signal strength, modulation encodes data, and multiplexing combines signals .
Question 8:
According to the Nyquist Theorem, to accurately digitize an analog signal, the sampling
rate must be at least:
, A) Equal to the highest frequency
B) Twice the highest frequency of the signal
C) Half the highest frequency of the signal
D) Ten times the highest frequency
*Rationale: * The Nyquist Theorem states that sampling must occur at twice the highest
frequency to accurately reconstruct the original signal .
Question 9:
"Jitter" in a network refers to:
A) The total time it takes a packet to travel from source to destination
B) The variation in packet arrival times
C) The loss of data packets during transmission
D) The maximum data rate of a link
*Rationale: * Jitter is the variation in packet arrival latency, which is especially important
for real-time applications like VoIP and video streaming .
Question 10:
What does the Shannon-Hartley theorem calculate?
A) The maximum data rate of a channel based on bandwidth and signal-to-noise
ratio
B) The minimum sampling rate for an analog signal
C) The impedance of a coaxial cable
D) The frequency of a microwave signal
*Rationale: * The Shannon-Hartley theorem determines the theoretical maximum data
rate (capacity) of a communication channel given bandwidth and SNR .