Answer Guide NSG 3850 Patho GI
NSG 3850 Patho GI
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j0tb9y
1. Osmotic diarrhea Increased amounts of poorly absorbed solute in the
intestine. Decreased carbohydrates or magnesium
sulfate. Influx of sodium and water into the bowel
lumen.
2. Secretory diarrhea Caused by toxins that stimulate secretion and impair
absorption (bacterial organisms). The most serious
diarrheal condition can lose 1 liter or more of fluid a
day.
3. Exudative diarrhea Results of mucus, blood, and protein. As a result of a
series of inflammation.
4. Etiology of diarrhea GI infections, malabsorption, endocrine disorders, in-
gestion of irritants, food allergies, alterations in mobil-
ity, and integrity.
5. Clinical manifestations of diarrhea Increased frequency and fluidity of bowel movements
caused by decreased transit time in the small intestine.
6. Constipation Small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements, fewer
than three stools a week.
7. Stomatitis Ulcerative inflammation of the oral mucosa. Idiopathic
or possibly caused by herpes simplex virus. Results in
redness, erythema, pain, and ulcer.
8. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis Cold sore caused by herpes simplex virus. Clinical
manifestations begin with a prodromal tingling or itch-
ing. Sore throat, fever, and vesicles.
9. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1/8
1 4/16/2026
, Answer Guide NSG 3850 Patho GI
NSG 3850 Patho GI
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j0tb9y
Caused by conditions that alter the closure strength
and efficacy of the lower esophageal sphincter or in-
creased intraabdominal pressure.
10. Pathophysiology of GERD Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter
11. Clinical manifestations of GERD Reflux esophagitis, heartburn, regurgitation, chest
pain, dysphagia.
12. Risk factors for GERD Intake of fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, cigarette smok-
ing, sleep position, obesity, medication, and pregnan-
cy.
13. Hiatal hernia Defect in the diaphragm that allows a portion of the
stomach to pass through the diaphramic opening (the
esophageal and diaphragmic junction).
14. Risk factors for hiatal hernia Ascites, pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining/cough-
ing.
15. Clinical manifestations of hiatal her- Same as GERD, but results in ulcerations of the stom-
nia ach and dysphagia.
16. Gastroesophageal varices Caused by portal hypertension. Affects about half of
liver cirrhosis patients. Prone to rupture resulting in
massive blood loss/hemorrhage. Size is the main de-
terminant of bleeding risk.
17. Nursing considerations for gastroe- Do not place an NG tube due to hematemesis
sophageal varices
18. Clinical manifestations of gastroe- Hematemesis, melena, anemia, shock.
sophageal varices
2/8
2 4/16/2026
NSG 3850 Patho GI
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j0tb9y
1. Osmotic diarrhea Increased amounts of poorly absorbed solute in the
intestine. Decreased carbohydrates or magnesium
sulfate. Influx of sodium and water into the bowel
lumen.
2. Secretory diarrhea Caused by toxins that stimulate secretion and impair
absorption (bacterial organisms). The most serious
diarrheal condition can lose 1 liter or more of fluid a
day.
3. Exudative diarrhea Results of mucus, blood, and protein. As a result of a
series of inflammation.
4. Etiology of diarrhea GI infections, malabsorption, endocrine disorders, in-
gestion of irritants, food allergies, alterations in mobil-
ity, and integrity.
5. Clinical manifestations of diarrhea Increased frequency and fluidity of bowel movements
caused by decreased transit time in the small intestine.
6. Constipation Small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements, fewer
than three stools a week.
7. Stomatitis Ulcerative inflammation of the oral mucosa. Idiopathic
or possibly caused by herpes simplex virus. Results in
redness, erythema, pain, and ulcer.
8. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis Cold sore caused by herpes simplex virus. Clinical
manifestations begin with a prodromal tingling or itch-
ing. Sore throat, fever, and vesicles.
9. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1/8
1 4/16/2026
, Answer Guide NSG 3850 Patho GI
NSG 3850 Patho GI
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j0tb9y
Caused by conditions that alter the closure strength
and efficacy of the lower esophageal sphincter or in-
creased intraabdominal pressure.
10. Pathophysiology of GERD Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter
11. Clinical manifestations of GERD Reflux esophagitis, heartburn, regurgitation, chest
pain, dysphagia.
12. Risk factors for GERD Intake of fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, cigarette smok-
ing, sleep position, obesity, medication, and pregnan-
cy.
13. Hiatal hernia Defect in the diaphragm that allows a portion of the
stomach to pass through the diaphramic opening (the
esophageal and diaphragmic junction).
14. Risk factors for hiatal hernia Ascites, pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining/cough-
ing.
15. Clinical manifestations of hiatal her- Same as GERD, but results in ulcerations of the stom-
nia ach and dysphagia.
16. Gastroesophageal varices Caused by portal hypertension. Affects about half of
liver cirrhosis patients. Prone to rupture resulting in
massive blood loss/hemorrhage. Size is the main de-
terminant of bleeding risk.
17. Nursing considerations for gastroe- Do not place an NG tube due to hematemesis
sophageal varices
18. Clinical manifestations of gastroe- Hematemesis, melena, anemia, shock.
sophageal varices
2/8
2 4/16/2026
