Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
Epidemiology is defined as? The STUDY of the DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of
HEALTH-RELATED STATES OR EVENTS in specified
POPULATIONS and the application of this knowledge to the
CONTROL OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
What are the core Epidemiological Surveillance
Functions? Field Investigations
Analytic Studies
Evaluation
Linkages
Policy
What type of science is Epidemiology? Quantitative
What does measurement focus on in Distribution and Determinants of health-related states and
Epidemiology? events
What can be said about the nature of Epidemiology is a story about health related states and events
epidemiology? supported by data.
[2026] Page 1 of 32
,Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
5 W's of Epidemiology? What
When
Where
Who
Why
What are the two components of Analytic and Descriptive
Epidemiology?
Descriptive Epidemiology Describes which WHEN, WHERE, WHO
elements? Time, Place, Person
Which elements does Descriptive The DISTRIBUTION, FREQUENCY, and PATTERN of health
Epidemiology study? related states and events
Analytic Epidemiology describes which WHY AND HOW
elements?
Analytic Epidemiology studies the? Determinants of health-related events. The WHY, the Causes
[2026] Page 2 of 32
,Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
What are the four general categories to Biological, Environmental, Social, Health Behaviors
Determinants of Health?
What makes up the social determinants of Economic Stability, Neighborhood/Built Environment,
health? Health/Health Care, Social/Community Context, Education
What are examples of Health Behaviors? Nutrition, Physical Activity, Rest/Relaxation, Tobacco Use,
Alcohol use, Illicit substance use, immunizations.
Describe Multi-causality Etiology of all diseases is multifactoral.
What is the 'Causal Pie' Model made up of? Causative agent or event, characteristics of the person,
characteristics of the environment, presence of preventative
factors, action of catalysts or additive factors, mediating and
moderating factors, interaction between the factors.
What does the Bradford Hill Criteria for Several criteria are listed that help us determine if causal
Causation tell us? association is reasonable.
[2026] Page 3 of 32
, Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
What does the Bradford Hill Criteria for Statistical or clinical significance.
causation not tell us?
Occurrence of disease can be understood Epidemiological Triad or Triangle, BEINGS Model, Web of
using which 3 models? causation.
What three aspects make up the Agent, Host, Environment
Epidemiological Triad/Triangle?
acronmyn BEINGS Model of Disease Biological, Behavioral
Causation, what does it mean? Environmental
Immunological
Nutritional
Genetic
Services, Social, Spiritual
What does the Web of Causation tell us? There are many different factors that make up chronic
diseases and negative health conditions. Risk factors do not
guarantee someone will get a disease.
[2026] Page 4 of 32
Epidemiology is defined as? The STUDY of the DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of
HEALTH-RELATED STATES OR EVENTS in specified
POPULATIONS and the application of this knowledge to the
CONTROL OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
What are the core Epidemiological Surveillance
Functions? Field Investigations
Analytic Studies
Evaluation
Linkages
Policy
What type of science is Epidemiology? Quantitative
What does measurement focus on in Distribution and Determinants of health-related states and
Epidemiology? events
What can be said about the nature of Epidemiology is a story about health related states and events
epidemiology? supported by data.
[2026] Page 1 of 32
,Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
5 W's of Epidemiology? What
When
Where
Who
Why
What are the two components of Analytic and Descriptive
Epidemiology?
Descriptive Epidemiology Describes which WHEN, WHERE, WHO
elements? Time, Place, Person
Which elements does Descriptive The DISTRIBUTION, FREQUENCY, and PATTERN of health
Epidemiology study? related states and events
Analytic Epidemiology describes which WHY AND HOW
elements?
Analytic Epidemiology studies the? Determinants of health-related events. The WHY, the Causes
[2026] Page 2 of 32
,Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
What are the four general categories to Biological, Environmental, Social, Health Behaviors
Determinants of Health?
What makes up the social determinants of Economic Stability, Neighborhood/Built Environment,
health? Health/Health Care, Social/Community Context, Education
What are examples of Health Behaviors? Nutrition, Physical Activity, Rest/Relaxation, Tobacco Use,
Alcohol use, Illicit substance use, immunizations.
Describe Multi-causality Etiology of all diseases is multifactoral.
What is the 'Causal Pie' Model made up of? Causative agent or event, characteristics of the person,
characteristics of the environment, presence of preventative
factors, action of catalysts or additive factors, mediating and
moderating factors, interaction between the factors.
What does the Bradford Hill Criteria for Several criteria are listed that help us determine if causal
Causation tell us? association is reasonable.
[2026] Page 3 of 32
, Latest NSG 522- Final Exam (Answer Guide)
What does the Bradford Hill Criteria for Statistical or clinical significance.
causation not tell us?
Occurrence of disease can be understood Epidemiological Triad or Triangle, BEINGS Model, Web of
using which 3 models? causation.
What three aspects make up the Agent, Host, Environment
Epidemiological Triad/Triangle?
acronmyn BEINGS Model of Disease Biological, Behavioral
Causation, what does it mean? Environmental
Immunological
Nutritional
Genetic
Services, Social, Spiritual
What does the Web of Causation tell us? There are many different factors that make up chronic
diseases and negative health conditions. Risk factors do not
guarantee someone will get a disease.
[2026] Page 4 of 32
