VME 4906 Exam 3 2026/2027 | 50+ Questions & Answers | Equine Reproduction, Behavior, Parasites & Pigeon Fever

This VME 4906 Exam 3 2026/2027 study guide contains 50+ exam questions and correct answers across 8 pages, covering major topics in equine reproduction, reproductive ultrasonography, endocrinology, stress physiology, horse behavior, sensory systems, parasites, physical examination and infectious disease. The material combines multiple-choice, true-or-false, image-identification and clinically oriented questions, making it a focused revision resource for students preparing for VME 4906 Exam 3. A major section focuses on equine reproductive physiology and anatomy. Students review the ultrasonographic appearance of fluid-filled ovarian follicles, identification of reproductive structures, seasonal reproductive endocrinology and the roles of melatonin, GnRH, LH and FSH. Stallion reproductive anatomy includes the deferent duct, bulbospongiosus muscle and pampiniform plexus, while mare-related questions address foaling time, tachypnea, postpartum trembling and ultrasonographic evidence of internal bleeding. The document also examines the equine neuroendocrine stress response, particularly the fight-or-flight pathway and physiological effects associated with hormones such as ACTH, cortisol and epinephrine. Questions assess how stress influences oxygen availability, body temperature, glucose supply and blood-flow distribution. This section connects endocrine physiology with the behavioral and systemic responses horses display during stressful or threatening situations. Another substantial section addresses normal and abnormal equine behavior. Topics include wild-horse herd organization, submission behavior, normal relaxed head position, recumbent sleep, tail swishing and the Flehmen response. Students also review stereotypic behaviors such as pawing, stall walking, stall kicking, cribbing and head shaking. The guide connects cribbing with associated health concerns and discusses trigeminal-mediated nasofacial irritation as a consideration in equine head-shaking cases. The sensory-system and neurobiology material covers nociception, hearing, vision and touch. Students review the anatomical sequence of the auditory system from the pinna and tympanic membrane through the ossicles to the cochlea, equine color vision and the absence of red-sensitive cones, characteristic pupil morphology and the trigeminal nerve's role in facial sensation. These questions integrate basic anatomy with clinically relevant sensory assessment. Equine parasitology is represented through questions on large strongyles, ascarids (Parascaris equorum), bots and anthelmintic resistance. The document emphasizes the consequences of larval migration by large strongyles, the importance of ascarids in foals, environmental persistence of ascarid eggs, seasonal bot transmission and resistance concerns associated with benzimidazoles. This section is useful for students reviewing parasite epidemiology alongside practical equine health management. The guide further covers the equine physical examination, including initial observation before entering a stall, interpretation of the sclera, jugular refill and body-temperature assessment. These questions encourage students to consider the horse's overall appearance and behavior alongside individual physiological findings rather than treating clinical measurements in isolation. The final section concentrates on Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and pigeon fever. Students review pleomorphic bacteria, biotypes, zoonotic transmission pathways, the predominance of external abscesses in equine pigeon fever and culture of abscess material as a definitive diagnostic approach. This gives the document a clinically relevant infectious-disease component in addition to its reproduction, behavior and parasitology content. Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant for VME 4906 students, veterinary medicine students, pre-veterinary students, equine science students, animal science students, veterinary technology students and learners studying horse health and medicine. It is especially useful for Exam 3 preparation involving equine reproductive anatomy and hormones, ultrasonography, foaling, stress physiology, horse behavior, stereotypies, sensory systems, parasitology, physical examination and pigeon fever. The uploaded document identifies VME 4906 as the course code but does not identify a university, so University Not Specified is used rather than inventing an institutional affiliation. Keywords: VME 4906 Exam 3, VME , VME , VME 4906 questions and answers, VME 4906 study guide, equine reproduction exam, equine veterinary medicine, horse reproduction, equine reproductive anatomy, equine ultrasound, ovarian follicles horse, mare reproduction, stallion reproduction, pampiniform plexus, GnRH, LH, FSH, melatonin horse, equine foaling, mare postpartum hemorrhage, equine stress response, fight or flight horses, equine behavior, horse stereotypies, Flehmen response, horse cribbing, equine head shaking, trigeminal nerve horse, equine sensory systems, horse vision, equine parasitology, strongyles horses, ascarids horses, Parascaris equorum, equine bots, anthelmintic resistance, benzimidazole resistance, equine physical examination, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, pigeon fever horses, equine infectious disease, veterinary exam questions, equine exam preparation