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What adaptations allow humans to lactate under challenging conditions?
- answer-Lactation has a lower energy cost and physiological mechanisms favor
lactation.
What are CLCs and IBCLCs?
- answer-Health professionals who provide lactation support
What are the costs to prevent needless deaths worldwide?
- answer-Less than $6 billion/year
What are the hormones of lactation responsible for?
- answer-They have emotional/behavioral functions and help in making and
moving milk.
What are the perceived stress levels in breastfeeding vs. formula-fed mothers?
- answer-Breastfeeding mothers perceive less stress and report more positive
moods.
What are the stages of making human milk?
- answer-Lactogenesis I, II, and III.
What are the three strategies by WHO and UNICEF for increased breastfeeding
initiation and duration?
- answer-Promotion, protection, and support
What characterizes lactogenesis III?
- answer-It involves lactation and galactopoiesis, with prolactin stimulating milk
production.
Does maternal exercise impact milk supply?
- answer-Maternal exercise does not relate to changes in milk volume or infant
weight gain.
, How can adequate milk supply be assured?
- answer-Through early initiation, appropriate assessment, and improved support.
How can breastfeeding adequacy be assessed?
- answer-Fewer than 4 soiled diapers on day 4 may indicate inadequacy.
How can exclusive breastfeeding be supported?
- answer-Increase hospital capacity, provide community strategies, strengthen code
enforcement, and enact paid maternity leave
How does breastmilk composition change over time?
- answer-It changes continually, within the day, within a feeding, and between
feedings.
How does milk composition vary among mammal species?
- answer-Each species has different milk that is species-specific.
How does stress affect breastfeeding?
- answer-Increased stress does not directly diminish milk supply but may alter
behavior.
How does suckling affect adult GI hormones?
- answer-Suckling increases gastrin and cholecystokinin, enhancing insulin
efficacy and nutrient storage.
How does the pH of the gut differ between breastfed and formula-fed babies?
- answer-Breastfed babies have a more acidic gut, while formula-fed babies have a
more neutral/basic gut.
How has the AAP responded to hypernatremia in breastfeeding?
- answer-Formal evaluation of breastfeeding by trained caregivers is required.
How is milk produced?
- answer-Messages from the breast travel through the nervous system to the brain,
then hormones travel to the breast
How much does nursing a baby for a year or more decrease the risk of developing
hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease?
- answer-By 10-15%