NURS 106 – MIDTERM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027
PQRSTU (Pain Assessment Framework)
P - Provokes / Palliates: What causes the pain, and what makes it better or
worse?
Q - Quality / Quantity: What does the pain feel like (e.g., sharp, dull,
throbbing, burning)?
R - Region / Radiation: Where is the pain located, and does it
spread/radiate anywhere else?
S - Severity: How severe is the pain on a scale of 0 to 10?
T - Timing: When did the pain start, how long does it last, and is it constant
or intermittent?
U - Understanding: What does the patient think or understand is causing
the pain?
PERRLA (Neurological / Eye Assessment)
P - Pupils: The openings in the center of the irises.
E - Equal: Both pupils are the exact same size.
R - Round: Both pupils have a normal, circular shape.
R - Reactive to: The pupils respond naturally to stimuli.
L - Light: Pupils constrict when light is shone directly into them and
consensually in the opposite eye.
A - Accommodation: Pupils constrict when focusing on a near object and
dilate when focusing on a far object.
CWMS (Neurovascular / Circulation Assessment)
C - Color: Assessing skin tone (e.g., pink, pale, cyanotic, mottled).
, W - Warmth: Assessing skin temperature relative to surrounding tissue
(e.g., warm, cool, cold).
M - Movement: Checking the patient's ability to move their extremities.
S - Sensation: Checking for normal feeling, numbness, tingling, or loss of
sensation.
ABCIOPS (Nursing Safety & Head-to-Toe Routine)
A - Airway: Ensuring the airway is clear and patent.
B - Breathing: Assessing respiratory rate, depth, effort, and breath sounds.
C - Circulation: Checking heart rate, blood pressure, pulses, and capillary
refill.
I - Intake: Monitoring fluid and nutritional intake (e.g., IV fluids, oral
fluids).
O - Output: Tracking fluid output (e.g., urine, emesis, wound drainage).
P - Pain: Assessing pain level, characteristics, and response to interventions.
S - Safety: Checking environment safety (e.g., bed rails, call bell within
reach, fall hazards).
Three Principles of Body Mechanics
Maintain Body Balance: Keep a low center of gravity and ensure the
body's weight is evenly distributed.
Increase Stability: Broaden the base of support by standing with feet
shoulder-width apart and bending at the knees rather than the waist.
Maintain Body Alignment: Keep the spine straight and avoid twisting at
the torso when lifting or moving patients.
What are wedge pillows used for -ANSWER ✔✔maintaining legs in abduction
after hip replacement surgery
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027
PQRSTU (Pain Assessment Framework)
P - Provokes / Palliates: What causes the pain, and what makes it better or
worse?
Q - Quality / Quantity: What does the pain feel like (e.g., sharp, dull,
throbbing, burning)?
R - Region / Radiation: Where is the pain located, and does it
spread/radiate anywhere else?
S - Severity: How severe is the pain on a scale of 0 to 10?
T - Timing: When did the pain start, how long does it last, and is it constant
or intermittent?
U - Understanding: What does the patient think or understand is causing
the pain?
PERRLA (Neurological / Eye Assessment)
P - Pupils: The openings in the center of the irises.
E - Equal: Both pupils are the exact same size.
R - Round: Both pupils have a normal, circular shape.
R - Reactive to: The pupils respond naturally to stimuli.
L - Light: Pupils constrict when light is shone directly into them and
consensually in the opposite eye.
A - Accommodation: Pupils constrict when focusing on a near object and
dilate when focusing on a far object.
CWMS (Neurovascular / Circulation Assessment)
C - Color: Assessing skin tone (e.g., pink, pale, cyanotic, mottled).
, W - Warmth: Assessing skin temperature relative to surrounding tissue
(e.g., warm, cool, cold).
M - Movement: Checking the patient's ability to move their extremities.
S - Sensation: Checking for normal feeling, numbness, tingling, or loss of
sensation.
ABCIOPS (Nursing Safety & Head-to-Toe Routine)
A - Airway: Ensuring the airway is clear and patent.
B - Breathing: Assessing respiratory rate, depth, effort, and breath sounds.
C - Circulation: Checking heart rate, blood pressure, pulses, and capillary
refill.
I - Intake: Monitoring fluid and nutritional intake (e.g., IV fluids, oral
fluids).
O - Output: Tracking fluid output (e.g., urine, emesis, wound drainage).
P - Pain: Assessing pain level, characteristics, and response to interventions.
S - Safety: Checking environment safety (e.g., bed rails, call bell within
reach, fall hazards).
Three Principles of Body Mechanics
Maintain Body Balance: Keep a low center of gravity and ensure the
body's weight is evenly distributed.
Increase Stability: Broaden the base of support by standing with feet
shoulder-width apart and bending at the knees rather than the waist.
Maintain Body Alignment: Keep the spine straight and avoid twisting at
the torso when lifting or moving patients.
What are wedge pillows used for -ANSWER ✔✔maintaining legs in abduction
after hip replacement surgery
