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A 25-year-old optical technician comes to your clinic for evaluation
of fatigue. As part of your physical examination, you listen to her
heart and hear a murmur only at the cardiac apex. Which valve is
most likely to be involved, based on the location of the murmur?
A) Mitral
B) Tricuspid
C) Aortic
D) Pulmonic
A
A 58-year-old teacher presents to your clinic with a complaint of
breathlessness with activity. The patient has no chronic conditions
and does not take any medications, herbs, or supplements. Which of
the following symptoms is appropriate to ask about in the
cardiovascular review of
systems?
A) Abdominal pain
B) Orthopnea
C) Hematochezia
D) Tenesmus
B
, You are screening people at the mall as part of a health fair. The first
person who comes for screening has a blood pressure of 132/85.
How would you categorize this?
A) Normal
B) Prehypertension
C) Stage 1 hypertension
D) Stage 2 hypertension
B
Mrs. Adams would like to begin an exercise program and was told
to exercise as intensely as necessary to obtain a heart rate 60%
or greater of her maximum heart rate. She is 52. What heart rate
should she achieve?
A) 80
B) 100
C) 120
D) 140
B
,You are participating in a health fair and performing cholesterol
screens. One person has a cholesterol of 225. She is concerned
about her risk for developing heart disease. Which of the following
factors is used to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary
heart disease?
A) Ethnicity
B) Alcohol intake
C) Gender
D) Asthma
C
You are evaluating a 40-year-old banker for coronary heart disease
risk factors. He has a history of hypertension, which is well-
controlled on his current medications. He does not smoke; he does
45 minutes of aerobic exercise five times weekly. You are calculating
his 10-year coronary heart disease risk. Which of the following
conditions is considered to be a coronary
heart disease risk equivalent?
A) Hypertension
B) Peripheral arterial disease
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B
, You are conducting a workshop on the measurement of jugular
venous pulsation. As part of your instruction, you tell the students to
make sure that they can distinguish between the jugular venous
pulsation and the carotid pulse. Which one of the following
characteristics is typical of the carotid pulse?
A) Palpable
B) Soft, rapid, undulating quality
C) Pulsation eliminated by light pressure on the vessel
D) Level of pulsation changes with changes in position
A
A 68-year-old mechanic presents to the emergency room for
shortness of breath. You are concerned about a cardiac cause and
measure his jugular venous pressure (JVP). It is elevated. Which one
of the following conditions is a potential cause of elevated JVP?
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Mitral stenosis
C) Constrictive pericarditis
D) Aortic aneurysm
C
You are palpating the apical impulse in a patient with heart disease
and find that the amplitude is diffuse and increased. Which of the
following conditions could be a potential cause of an increase in
the amplitude of the impulse?
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Aortic stenosis, with pressure overload of the left ventricle
C) Mitral stenosis, with volume overload of the left atrium
D) Cardiomyopathy
B