HONDROS NUR 163 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. A 78-year-old patient is admitted with fluid volume excess. Which intervention
should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer IV fluids
B) Restrict oral fluid intake
C) Encourage increased sodium intake
D) Position the patient in Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B) Restrict oral fluid intake
Rationale: In fluid volume excess (hypervolemia), the priority intervention is to
reduce fluid intake and administer diuretics as prescribed. Increasing sodium intake
(Option C) would worsen fluid retention by drawing more water into the vascular
space. IV fluids (Option A) would exacerbate the problem. Trendelenburg position
(Option D) is not indicated and could compromise respiratory status.
---
2. Which type of exercises should the elderly and cardiac patients avoid due to
vagal response?
,A) Aerobic exercises
B) Isometric and isotonic exercises
C) Range of motion exercises
D) Walking exercises
Correct Answer: B) Isometric and isotonic exercises
Rationale: Isometric and isotonic exercises can trigger a vagal response, leading to
decreased heart rate and potential cardiac complications in elderly and cardiac
patients. Aerobic exercises (Option A), range of motion (Option C), and walking
(Option D) are generally safer and encouraged for this population.
---
3. When administering diuretics, which electrolyte must be supplemented due to
the smallest margin of error?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Potassium
D) Magnesium
Correct Answer: C) Potassium
Rationale: Potassium has the narrowest therapeutic range, and hypokalemia can
lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Diuretics, especially loop and thiazide
diuretics, cause potassium wasting. Sodium (Option A), calcium (Option B), and
magnesium (Option D) are also important but have wider safety margins compared
to potassium.
---
4. Which system controls the "fight or flight" response in the body?
,A) Central nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: C) Sympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose while dilating bronchioles
and pupils. The parasympathetic system (not listed) controls "rest and digest." The
central nervous system (Option A) processes information but does not directly
control this response.
---
5. Which coping strategy involves evaluating a situation and taking action to
manage or change the stressor?
A) Emotion-focused coping
B) Meaning-focused coping
C) Problem-focused coping
D) Avoidance coping
Correct Answer: C) Problem-focused coping
Rationale: Problem-focused coping directly addresses the stressor by evaluating
the situation and taking action to eliminate or reduce the underlying cause.
Emotion-focused coping (Option A) regulates emotional responses without
changing the stressor. Meaning-focused coping (Option B) draws on values and
beliefs. Avoidance coping (Option D) involves decreasing contact with the
stressor.
---
, 6. A patient with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) would most likely exhibit
which assessment finding?
A) Distended neck veins
B) Bounding pulse
C) Decreased skin turgor
D) Crackles in the lungs
Correct Answer: C) Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of fluid volume deficit due to
reduced interstitial fluid. Distended neck veins (Option A), bounding pulse (Option
B), and crackles (Option D) are signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit.
---
7. Which of the following is a physiological effect of stress on the gastrointestinal
system?
A) Increased peristalsis
B) Increased appetite
C) Decreased peristalsis and dry mouth
D) Decreased gastric acid secretion
Correct Answer: C) Decreased peristalsis and dry mouth
Rationale: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which decreases
gastrointestinal peristalsis, reduces appetite, and causes dry mouth. It can also lead
to nausea, vomiting, ulcers, and heartburn. Increased peristalsis (Option A) and
increased appetite (Option B) are not stress responses.
---
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. A 78-year-old patient is admitted with fluid volume excess. Which intervention
should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer IV fluids
B) Restrict oral fluid intake
C) Encourage increased sodium intake
D) Position the patient in Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B) Restrict oral fluid intake
Rationale: In fluid volume excess (hypervolemia), the priority intervention is to
reduce fluid intake and administer diuretics as prescribed. Increasing sodium intake
(Option C) would worsen fluid retention by drawing more water into the vascular
space. IV fluids (Option A) would exacerbate the problem. Trendelenburg position
(Option D) is not indicated and could compromise respiratory status.
---
2. Which type of exercises should the elderly and cardiac patients avoid due to
vagal response?
,A) Aerobic exercises
B) Isometric and isotonic exercises
C) Range of motion exercises
D) Walking exercises
Correct Answer: B) Isometric and isotonic exercises
Rationale: Isometric and isotonic exercises can trigger a vagal response, leading to
decreased heart rate and potential cardiac complications in elderly and cardiac
patients. Aerobic exercises (Option A), range of motion (Option C), and walking
(Option D) are generally safer and encouraged for this population.
---
3. When administering diuretics, which electrolyte must be supplemented due to
the smallest margin of error?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Potassium
D) Magnesium
Correct Answer: C) Potassium
Rationale: Potassium has the narrowest therapeutic range, and hypokalemia can
lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Diuretics, especially loop and thiazide
diuretics, cause potassium wasting. Sodium (Option A), calcium (Option B), and
magnesium (Option D) are also important but have wider safety margins compared
to potassium.
---
4. Which system controls the "fight or flight" response in the body?
,A) Central nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: C) Sympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose while dilating bronchioles
and pupils. The parasympathetic system (not listed) controls "rest and digest." The
central nervous system (Option A) processes information but does not directly
control this response.
---
5. Which coping strategy involves evaluating a situation and taking action to
manage or change the stressor?
A) Emotion-focused coping
B) Meaning-focused coping
C) Problem-focused coping
D) Avoidance coping
Correct Answer: C) Problem-focused coping
Rationale: Problem-focused coping directly addresses the stressor by evaluating
the situation and taking action to eliminate or reduce the underlying cause.
Emotion-focused coping (Option A) regulates emotional responses without
changing the stressor. Meaning-focused coping (Option B) draws on values and
beliefs. Avoidance coping (Option D) involves decreasing contact with the
stressor.
---
, 6. A patient with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) would most likely exhibit
which assessment finding?
A) Distended neck veins
B) Bounding pulse
C) Decreased skin turgor
D) Crackles in the lungs
Correct Answer: C) Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of fluid volume deficit due to
reduced interstitial fluid. Distended neck veins (Option A), bounding pulse (Option
B), and crackles (Option D) are signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit.
---
7. Which of the following is a physiological effect of stress on the gastrointestinal
system?
A) Increased peristalsis
B) Increased appetite
C) Decreased peristalsis and dry mouth
D) Decreased gastric acid secretion
Correct Answer: C) Decreased peristalsis and dry mouth
Rationale: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which decreases
gastrointestinal peristalsis, reduces appetite, and causes dry mouth. It can also lead
to nausea, vomiting, ulcers, and heartburn. Increased peristalsis (Option A) and
increased appetite (Option B) are not stress responses.
---
