ANATOMY 242 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Regulation of blood pressure Achieved via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system.
Acid-base balance maintenance Helps to keep the body's pH within a normal range.
Erythropoiesis regulation Controlled by erythropoietin, which stimulates red
blood cell production.
Location of the Kidneys Located in the posterior part of the abdomen, just
below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine,
at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae.
Glomerular Capsule Filtrate is formed but not modified here.
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
decreasing urine volume, and increasing blood
pressure. Stimulated by increased blood osmolarity.
Released from the posterior pituitary.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Reduces sodium reabsorption and inhibits
aldosterone and ADH, increasing urine production
and lowering blood pressure. Stimulated by
increased blood volume. Released from the heart.
Aldosterone Increases sodium and water reabsorption in the
distal convoluted tubule, reducing urine volume,
and increasing blood pressure. Stimulated by low
blood sodium or high potassium levels. Released
from the adrenal glands.
, ANATOMY 242 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Renin Secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys,
triggers the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS), which raises blood pressure and increases
sodium reabsorption.
Erythropoietin A hormone produced by the kidneys in response to
low oxygen levels that stimulates red blood cell
production in the bone marrow.
Renal Corpuscle The structure that filters blood, consisting of the
glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Renal Capsule A tough outer covering of the kidney that protects
the organ.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) Reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients.
Loop of Henle Creates a concentration gradient in the kidney for
water reabsorption.
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Regulates potassium, sodium, and pH balance.
Collecting Duct Final adjustment of water and sodium reabsorption.
Renal Cortex Outer layer containing glomeruli and renal tubules.
Renal Medulla Inner layer containing the loops of Henle and
collecting ducts.
Regulation of blood pressure Achieved via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system.
Acid-base balance maintenance Helps to keep the body's pH within a normal range.
Erythropoiesis regulation Controlled by erythropoietin, which stimulates red
blood cell production.
Location of the Kidneys Located in the posterior part of the abdomen, just
below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine,
at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae.
Glomerular Capsule Filtrate is formed but not modified here.
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
decreasing urine volume, and increasing blood
pressure. Stimulated by increased blood osmolarity.
Released from the posterior pituitary.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Reduces sodium reabsorption and inhibits
aldosterone and ADH, increasing urine production
and lowering blood pressure. Stimulated by
increased blood volume. Released from the heart.
Aldosterone Increases sodium and water reabsorption in the
distal convoluted tubule, reducing urine volume,
and increasing blood pressure. Stimulated by low
blood sodium or high potassium levels. Released
from the adrenal glands.
, ANATOMY 242 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Renin Secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys,
triggers the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS), which raises blood pressure and increases
sodium reabsorption.
Erythropoietin A hormone produced by the kidneys in response to
low oxygen levels that stimulates red blood cell
production in the bone marrow.
Renal Corpuscle The structure that filters blood, consisting of the
glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Renal Capsule A tough outer covering of the kidney that protects
the organ.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) Reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients.
Loop of Henle Creates a concentration gradient in the kidney for
water reabsorption.
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Regulates potassium, sodium, and pH balance.
Collecting Duct Final adjustment of water and sodium reabsorption.
Renal Cortex Outer layer containing glomeruli and renal tubules.
Renal Medulla Inner layer containing the loops of Henle and
collecting ducts.
