HSC 4551 Exam 3 Study Guide University of South
Florida Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest
Update
Question: Iron Deficiency Anemia
Answer:
Most common anemia; affects cognitive development.
Question: Blood
Answer:
Composed of serum (water-based plasma) and formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)
Question: Erythropoiesis
Answer:
Production of red blood cells (RBCs). Essentials: Iron, Folic acid, & Vitamin B12
Question: Erythropoietin
Answer:
Hormone stimulating RBC production in bone marrow & released by renal cells (kidney) in
response to low oxygen levels.
Question: Hemoglobin
Answer:
Protein in RBCs that carries oxygen and CO2 between lungs & tissues.
4 globin changes: 2 alpha chains (141 amino acids long) 2 Beta chains (146 amino acids
long)
Each chain has a heme group containing an Fe atom (iron) to bind oxygen.
Question: Anemia
Answer:
Condition with insufficient healthy red blood cells. May be due to hemorrhage, excessive
destruction of RBCs, nutritional deficiency, or chronic disease. Symptoms due to hypoxia
Question: Hypoxia
Answer:
Low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.
Question: Hemophilia
, Answer:
Genetic disorder affecting blood coagulation.
Question: Neutrophils
Answer:
Phagocytic cells for non-specific immune response. The most numerous leukocyte in adults.
Question: Lymphocytes
Answer:
Responsible for specific immunity against antigens. The next most common leukocyte in
adults.
Question: Monocytes
Answer:
Leave the circulation & enter the surrounding connective tissue to become phagocytic.
Become macrophages or dendritic cells.
Question: Eosinophils
Answer:
Increased in allergic individuals, allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
Question: Basophils
Answer:
The least common WBC that secretes histamine and heparin.
Question: Platelets
Answer:
AKA Thrombocytes; essential for blood coagulation. Small fragments of cytoplasm that
break off from megakaryocytes. Survive 10 days.
In a peripheral blood smear with RBCs, the tiny dots are platelets.
Question: Hemolysis
Answer:
Breakdown of red blood cells. Can be due to drug reactions, replacement with mechanical
heart valve, or hereditary hemoglobin defects.
Question: Pernicious Anemia
, Answer:
Anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor produced by gastric cells (deficiency of vitamin B12).
Common in older age group
Question: Aplastic or Hypoplastic Anemia
Answer:
Anemia due to radiation, viruses, or poisons
Question: Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias
Answer:
4 Main Categories: Abnormal hemoglobin (sickle) Abnormal shape (spherocytosis) Abnormal
hemoglobin synthesis (thalassemia) Enzyme defects (G6PD)
Question: Sickle Cell Anemia
Answer:
Genetic disorder with abnormal hemoglobin structure & hemolysis. RBC shape changes to
sickle shape under low oxygen concentrations.
HbS differs of HbA by a substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the 6th amino acid of the
alpha chain. Homozygous = Anemia
Stacking of the cells obstruct the vessels, causing severe pain, oxygen deprivation, &
deterioration of the heart (& other organs)
Question: Hereditary spherocytosis
Answer:
Genetically determined abnormality where the RBCs are a spherical shape with an
increased diameter, unable to fit through small capillary network of the spleen. Shortened
RBC lifespan.
Question: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
Answer:
X-linked recessive trait that commonly affects black men: Red cell enzyme deficiency,
where the enzyme is abnormal and unstable, lacking protection. RBCs are susceptible to
injury & undergo severe hemolysis if exposed to certain drugs.
Some protection against malaria.
Question: Thalassemia
Answer:
Inherited disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis. Deficient protein chain synthesis.
1,000 severe cases in the US every year
Florida Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest
Update
Question: Iron Deficiency Anemia
Answer:
Most common anemia; affects cognitive development.
Question: Blood
Answer:
Composed of serum (water-based plasma) and formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)
Question: Erythropoiesis
Answer:
Production of red blood cells (RBCs). Essentials: Iron, Folic acid, & Vitamin B12
Question: Erythropoietin
Answer:
Hormone stimulating RBC production in bone marrow & released by renal cells (kidney) in
response to low oxygen levels.
Question: Hemoglobin
Answer:
Protein in RBCs that carries oxygen and CO2 between lungs & tissues.
4 globin changes: 2 alpha chains (141 amino acids long) 2 Beta chains (146 amino acids
long)
Each chain has a heme group containing an Fe atom (iron) to bind oxygen.
Question: Anemia
Answer:
Condition with insufficient healthy red blood cells. May be due to hemorrhage, excessive
destruction of RBCs, nutritional deficiency, or chronic disease. Symptoms due to hypoxia
Question: Hypoxia
Answer:
Low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.
Question: Hemophilia
, Answer:
Genetic disorder affecting blood coagulation.
Question: Neutrophils
Answer:
Phagocytic cells for non-specific immune response. The most numerous leukocyte in adults.
Question: Lymphocytes
Answer:
Responsible for specific immunity against antigens. The next most common leukocyte in
adults.
Question: Monocytes
Answer:
Leave the circulation & enter the surrounding connective tissue to become phagocytic.
Become macrophages or dendritic cells.
Question: Eosinophils
Answer:
Increased in allergic individuals, allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
Question: Basophils
Answer:
The least common WBC that secretes histamine and heparin.
Question: Platelets
Answer:
AKA Thrombocytes; essential for blood coagulation. Small fragments of cytoplasm that
break off from megakaryocytes. Survive 10 days.
In a peripheral blood smear with RBCs, the tiny dots are platelets.
Question: Hemolysis
Answer:
Breakdown of red blood cells. Can be due to drug reactions, replacement with mechanical
heart valve, or hereditary hemoglobin defects.
Question: Pernicious Anemia
, Answer:
Anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor produced by gastric cells (deficiency of vitamin B12).
Common in older age group
Question: Aplastic or Hypoplastic Anemia
Answer:
Anemia due to radiation, viruses, or poisons
Question: Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias
Answer:
4 Main Categories: Abnormal hemoglobin (sickle) Abnormal shape (spherocytosis) Abnormal
hemoglobin synthesis (thalassemia) Enzyme defects (G6PD)
Question: Sickle Cell Anemia
Answer:
Genetic disorder with abnormal hemoglobin structure & hemolysis. RBC shape changes to
sickle shape under low oxygen concentrations.
HbS differs of HbA by a substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the 6th amino acid of the
alpha chain. Homozygous = Anemia
Stacking of the cells obstruct the vessels, causing severe pain, oxygen deprivation, &
deterioration of the heart (& other organs)
Question: Hereditary spherocytosis
Answer:
Genetically determined abnormality where the RBCs are a spherical shape with an
increased diameter, unable to fit through small capillary network of the spleen. Shortened
RBC lifespan.
Question: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
Answer:
X-linked recessive trait that commonly affects black men: Red cell enzyme deficiency,
where the enzyme is abnormal and unstable, lacking protection. RBCs are susceptible to
injury & undergo severe hemolysis if exposed to certain drugs.
Some protection against malaria.
Question: Thalassemia
Answer:
Inherited disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis. Deficient protein chain synthesis.
1,000 severe cases in the US every year
