Hondros NUR 176 Exam 2 REVIEW 2026/2027
MOST RECENT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
• isotonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
• hypertonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
• hypotonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less
than that of the cell that resides in the solution
• Heparin antidote -✓✓ protamine sulfate
• INR -✓✓ International Normalized Ratio - a calculation based on the PT used to
monitor patients using blood thinners. 2.0-3.0 is the range for people taking
warfarin:Coumadin
• Causes of hematoma -✓✓ poor venipuncture technique, flow clamp left open,
tourniquet left on to long, cannula to large, digging into vein
• Signs of hematoma -✓✓ Ecchymosis, immediate swelling at the site &
discomfort, leakage of blood at the insertion site- unable to advance cannula
• Phlebitis -✓✓ inflammation of the inner lining of a vein
• thrombophlebitis -✓✓ inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
, • bacterial phlebitis is caused by -✓✓ Poor hand hygiene, lack of aseptic technique,
failure to check equipment, or recognize early signs of phlebitis
Often occurs during insertion
• Phlebitis Scale -✓✓ 0 = No symptoms
1 = Erythema at access site with or without pain
2 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema
3 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak formation, palpable
venous cord
4 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak formation, palpable
venous cord >1 inch in length, and purulent drainage
• erythema -✓✓ redness of the skin
• Infiltration -✓✓ admission of a non-vesicant med or solution into the surrounding
tissue
• Extravasation -✓✓ admission of a vesicant into surrounding tissue
• CVAD -✓✓ central vascular access device or indwelling line
• treatment of thrombophlebitis -✓✓ complete bed rest
avoid massage
heat and elevation promote venous return
anticoagulant therapy
MOST RECENT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
• isotonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
• hypertonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
• hypotonic solution -✓✓ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less
than that of the cell that resides in the solution
• Heparin antidote -✓✓ protamine sulfate
• INR -✓✓ International Normalized Ratio - a calculation based on the PT used to
monitor patients using blood thinners. 2.0-3.0 is the range for people taking
warfarin:Coumadin
• Causes of hematoma -✓✓ poor venipuncture technique, flow clamp left open,
tourniquet left on to long, cannula to large, digging into vein
• Signs of hematoma -✓✓ Ecchymosis, immediate swelling at the site &
discomfort, leakage of blood at the insertion site- unable to advance cannula
• Phlebitis -✓✓ inflammation of the inner lining of a vein
• thrombophlebitis -✓✓ inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
, • bacterial phlebitis is caused by -✓✓ Poor hand hygiene, lack of aseptic technique,
failure to check equipment, or recognize early signs of phlebitis
Often occurs during insertion
• Phlebitis Scale -✓✓ 0 = No symptoms
1 = Erythema at access site with or without pain
2 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema
3 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak formation, palpable
venous cord
4 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak formation, palpable
venous cord >1 inch in length, and purulent drainage
• erythema -✓✓ redness of the skin
• Infiltration -✓✓ admission of a non-vesicant med or solution into the surrounding
tissue
• Extravasation -✓✓ admission of a vesicant into surrounding tissue
• CVAD -✓✓ central vascular access device or indwelling line
• treatment of thrombophlebitis -✓✓ complete bed rest
avoid massage
heat and elevation promote venous return
anticoagulant therapy
