JR 101 Final [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Question and Answer | Ultimate Exam
Prep
• Top part of the patella is the _________ -✓✓ base
• How many articulations exist within the knee joint? -✓✓ 3
• The knee joint is a modified hinge joint and what other type of joint? -✓✓ synovial
• What are the two groups of ligaments in the knee? -✓✓ intraarticular and
extracapsular
• T/F? The PCL is extracapsular -✓✓ false
• T/F? The primary function of the quad muscle group is to flex the knee. -✓✓ false
• T/F? The primary function of the hamstring is the flex the knee. -✓✓ True
• The hamstring muscle group includes? -✓✓ -biceps femoris
-semitendenosus
-semimembranosus
• The condyle is "hypertrophic" means -✓✓ increased in size
• Describe the anatomical position. -✓✓ arms extended at the sides with palms facing
forward
• The sagittal plane divides the body into? -✓✓ left and right
• Patient is laying upright on the table, how would you describe their position? -✓✓
supine
• A surgeon is examining an x-ray image that includes a patient's left and right knee
joints. He/she points out a possible tumor on the distal medial femoral condyle on the
right knee. He/she comments that there seems to be no pathology on the same location
on the "contralateral" side. The "contralateral" side is: -✓✓ left (opposite) side
• This soft type of bone exists in the epiphyseal/metaphyseal regions of long bones -✓✓
cancellous
,• "bone changes in form and function due to mechanical stresses and the force of
muscular tension placed on it" -✓✓ Wolffs Law
• The flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called -✓✓ cartilage
• The fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones -✓✓ ligaments
• The PCL in the knee -✓✓ originates on the tibia and inserts on the tibial tuberosity
originates on the tibia and inserts on the patella
originates on the tibia and inserts on the fibular head
none of the answers are correct
• T/F? The two points of attachment for the MCL are the distal medial femoral condyle
and the proximal fibular head -✓✓ false
• A tough band if fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is
capable of withstanding tension is know as -✓✓ tendons
• T/F? The point of origin of a muscle is a location where a muscle can move. -✓✓ false
• The main function of cortical bone is to provide what? -✓✓ strength
• bilateral means -✓✓ occurring on both sides of the body
• ipsilateral means -✓✓ occurring on same side of the body
• avascular necrosis means -✓✓ death of bone due to lack of blood flow
• arthritis means -✓✓ inflammation of the joint
• the largest joint in the human body is -✓✓ the knee joint
• The LCL originates at the ______ and inserts on the _____ -✓✓ -lateral femoral
condyle
-fibular head
• Which ligament is attached to the meniscus and is often damaged with trauma to the
meniscus? -✓✓ MCL
• The medical femoral condyle is ______ and ______ curved than the lateral condyle. -
✓✓ -larger
-more curved
, • The main blood supply to the lower leg is the -✓✓ popliteal artery
• the ACL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to anterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
• the PCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to posterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
• the MCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to valgus angulation
• the LCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to varus angulation
• How many degrees of freedom are in the knee? -✓✓ 6
-A +P
-M+L
-I+E
-F+E
• The mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from -✓✓ the femoral head center to ankle center
• T/F? The anatomic axes in the lower extremity are represented by two mutually
exclusive line -✓✓ true
• When we refer to the functional axes of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? -✓✓ -transepicondylar axis of the femur
-longitudinal axis of the tibia
• The flexion extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? -✓✓ MCL and LCL
• The anatomical/clinical transepicondylar axis of the knee is an imaginary line that
connects -✓✓ the two most prominent points of the medial and lateral epicondyles
• The surgical epicondylar axis is an imaginary line that connects -✓✓ the most
prominent point on the lateral epicondyle with the medial sulcus
• Which distal femoral epicondyle in the knee has a sulcus? -✓✓ medial
• Whitemans line is -✓✓ perpendicular to the STA
• the posterior condylar line is -✓✓ marks the outer surface boundaries of the posterior
distal femoral condyles in flexion
Exam Question and Answer | Ultimate Exam
Prep
• Top part of the patella is the _________ -✓✓ base
• How many articulations exist within the knee joint? -✓✓ 3
• The knee joint is a modified hinge joint and what other type of joint? -✓✓ synovial
• What are the two groups of ligaments in the knee? -✓✓ intraarticular and
extracapsular
• T/F? The PCL is extracapsular -✓✓ false
• T/F? The primary function of the quad muscle group is to flex the knee. -✓✓ false
• T/F? The primary function of the hamstring is the flex the knee. -✓✓ True
• The hamstring muscle group includes? -✓✓ -biceps femoris
-semitendenosus
-semimembranosus
• The condyle is "hypertrophic" means -✓✓ increased in size
• Describe the anatomical position. -✓✓ arms extended at the sides with palms facing
forward
• The sagittal plane divides the body into? -✓✓ left and right
• Patient is laying upright on the table, how would you describe their position? -✓✓
supine
• A surgeon is examining an x-ray image that includes a patient's left and right knee
joints. He/she points out a possible tumor on the distal medial femoral condyle on the
right knee. He/she comments that there seems to be no pathology on the same location
on the "contralateral" side. The "contralateral" side is: -✓✓ left (opposite) side
• This soft type of bone exists in the epiphyseal/metaphyseal regions of long bones -✓✓
cancellous
,• "bone changes in form and function due to mechanical stresses and the force of
muscular tension placed on it" -✓✓ Wolffs Law
• The flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called -✓✓ cartilage
• The fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones -✓✓ ligaments
• The PCL in the knee -✓✓ originates on the tibia and inserts on the tibial tuberosity
originates on the tibia and inserts on the patella
originates on the tibia and inserts on the fibular head
none of the answers are correct
• T/F? The two points of attachment for the MCL are the distal medial femoral condyle
and the proximal fibular head -✓✓ false
• A tough band if fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is
capable of withstanding tension is know as -✓✓ tendons
• T/F? The point of origin of a muscle is a location where a muscle can move. -✓✓ false
• The main function of cortical bone is to provide what? -✓✓ strength
• bilateral means -✓✓ occurring on both sides of the body
• ipsilateral means -✓✓ occurring on same side of the body
• avascular necrosis means -✓✓ death of bone due to lack of blood flow
• arthritis means -✓✓ inflammation of the joint
• the largest joint in the human body is -✓✓ the knee joint
• The LCL originates at the ______ and inserts on the _____ -✓✓ -lateral femoral
condyle
-fibular head
• Which ligament is attached to the meniscus and is often damaged with trauma to the
meniscus? -✓✓ MCL
• The medical femoral condyle is ______ and ______ curved than the lateral condyle. -
✓✓ -larger
-more curved
, • The main blood supply to the lower leg is the -✓✓ popliteal artery
• the ACL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to anterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
• the PCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to posterior tibial translation with respect to
femur
• the MCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to valgus angulation
• the LCL is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to varus angulation
• How many degrees of freedom are in the knee? -✓✓ 6
-A +P
-M+L
-I+E
-F+E
• The mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from -✓✓ the femoral head center to ankle center
• T/F? The anatomic axes in the lower extremity are represented by two mutually
exclusive line -✓✓ true
• When we refer to the functional axes of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? -✓✓ -transepicondylar axis of the femur
-longitudinal axis of the tibia
• The flexion extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? -✓✓ MCL and LCL
• The anatomical/clinical transepicondylar axis of the knee is an imaginary line that
connects -✓✓ the two most prominent points of the medial and lateral epicondyles
• The surgical epicondylar axis is an imaginary line that connects -✓✓ the most
prominent point on the lateral epicondyle with the medial sulcus
• Which distal femoral epicondyle in the knee has a sulcus? -✓✓ medial
• Whitemans line is -✓✓ perpendicular to the STA
• the posterior condylar line is -✓✓ marks the outer surface boundaries of the posterior
distal femoral condyles in flexion
