NURS 612
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Primary Function of Renal System - Correct Answer: Maintain a stable
internal environment for optimal cell and tissue metabolism
2. Renal artery is very _____, blood in kidney's moves with ____ pressure,
which is necessary for filtration - Correct Answer: short; high
3. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus large scale function is controlling _____
________ - Correct Answer: blood pressure (by controlling renal blood
flow and filtration)
4. Juxtaglomerular cell location - Correct Answer: around the afferent
arteriole where the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus
5. Macula densa - Correct Answer: sodium-sensing cells located between
the afferent and efferent arterioles of distal convoluted tubule;
6. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa form the juxtaglomerular
apparatus (JGA) that controls _____ _____ ____ and__________
__________ . - Correct Answer: renal blood flow (RBF); glomerular
filtration
, 7. _____ secretion occurs at the JGA - Correct Answer: Renin
8. Renal Blood Flow Throughout the Nephron - Correct Answer: Renal
artery
afferent arteriole
Glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
renal vein
inferior vena cava
9. The fluid filtered by the glomerular capillary filtration membrane and
released into the proximal convoluted tubule is _______ free but contains
____________ and _______ _________ in the same concentrations as
found in plasma - Correct Answer: protein; electrolytes (i.e. sodium
chloride and potassium); organic molecules (i.e. creatinine urea and
glucose)
10. In the glomerulus, the ________ ________ determines permeability of
glomerular capillary membrane - Correct Answer: Basement membrane
11. What does glomerular filtration depend on (3)? - Correct Answer: •Size
and charge of substances
•Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
,•Oncotic pressure in the capillaries
12. Between BP ___ - ____ mmHg the kidneys maintain a constant GFR -
Correct Answer: 80-180
13. Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to increased systemic BP - Correct Answer: Afferent arterioles
constrict, preventing an increase in filtration pressure.
14. Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to decreased systemic BP - Correct Answer: GFR decreases and the
amount of sodium in macula densa decreases
•RAAS activated
•Vasoconstriction, increase in sodium and water reabsorption, BP returns to norm
15.________ is a good index of renal function, ______ is a good index for
hydration - Correct Answer: creatinine; BUN
16. Creatinine is most valuable for monitoring the progress of chronic rather
than acute renal disease. - Correct Answer:
17. Aging and Renal Function: (increased or decreased) excretion of glucose -
Correct Answer: increased
, 18.GU Endocrine Functions (3) - Correct Answer: •Renin- Angiotensin -
Aldosterone System or RAAS
•Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone regulates RBC production in bone marrow; made
in kidneys- stimulated by hypoxia
•Vitamin D (hormone)- Transformed in the active form in the kidneys; Increases
calcium absorption from GI tract
19. Intracellular body fluid is (half/double) extracellular fluid - Correct
Answer: Double
20.Forces favoring filtration (2) - Correct Answer: •Capillary hydrostatic
pressure (blood pressure)
•Interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)
21.Forces opposing filtration - Correct Answer: •Capillary (plasma) oncotic
pressure (water pulling)
•Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
22. First kind of cells to sense changes in osmotic pressure are ________ -
Correct Answer: Neurons- manifest as change in mental status
23.What is the main characteristic of nephrotic syndrome? - Correct
Answer: Edema- caused by albumin loss
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Primary Function of Renal System - Correct Answer: Maintain a stable
internal environment for optimal cell and tissue metabolism
2. Renal artery is very _____, blood in kidney's moves with ____ pressure,
which is necessary for filtration - Correct Answer: short; high
3. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus large scale function is controlling _____
________ - Correct Answer: blood pressure (by controlling renal blood
flow and filtration)
4. Juxtaglomerular cell location - Correct Answer: around the afferent
arteriole where the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus
5. Macula densa - Correct Answer: sodium-sensing cells located between
the afferent and efferent arterioles of distal convoluted tubule;
6. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa form the juxtaglomerular
apparatus (JGA) that controls _____ _____ ____ and__________
__________ . - Correct Answer: renal blood flow (RBF); glomerular
filtration
, 7. _____ secretion occurs at the JGA - Correct Answer: Renin
8. Renal Blood Flow Throughout the Nephron - Correct Answer: Renal
artery
afferent arteriole
Glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
renal vein
inferior vena cava
9. The fluid filtered by the glomerular capillary filtration membrane and
released into the proximal convoluted tubule is _______ free but contains
____________ and _______ _________ in the same concentrations as
found in plasma - Correct Answer: protein; electrolytes (i.e. sodium
chloride and potassium); organic molecules (i.e. creatinine urea and
glucose)
10. In the glomerulus, the ________ ________ determines permeability of
glomerular capillary membrane - Correct Answer: Basement membrane
11. What does glomerular filtration depend on (3)? - Correct Answer: •Size
and charge of substances
•Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
,•Oncotic pressure in the capillaries
12. Between BP ___ - ____ mmHg the kidneys maintain a constant GFR -
Correct Answer: 80-180
13. Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to increased systemic BP - Correct Answer: Afferent arterioles
constrict, preventing an increase in filtration pressure.
14. Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to decreased systemic BP - Correct Answer: GFR decreases and the
amount of sodium in macula densa decreases
•RAAS activated
•Vasoconstriction, increase in sodium and water reabsorption, BP returns to norm
15.________ is a good index of renal function, ______ is a good index for
hydration - Correct Answer: creatinine; BUN
16. Creatinine is most valuable for monitoring the progress of chronic rather
than acute renal disease. - Correct Answer:
17. Aging and Renal Function: (increased or decreased) excretion of glucose -
Correct Answer: increased
, 18.GU Endocrine Functions (3) - Correct Answer: •Renin- Angiotensin -
Aldosterone System or RAAS
•Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone regulates RBC production in bone marrow; made
in kidneys- stimulated by hypoxia
•Vitamin D (hormone)- Transformed in the active form in the kidneys; Increases
calcium absorption from GI tract
19. Intracellular body fluid is (half/double) extracellular fluid - Correct
Answer: Double
20.Forces favoring filtration (2) - Correct Answer: •Capillary hydrostatic
pressure (blood pressure)
•Interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)
21.Forces opposing filtration - Correct Answer: •Capillary (plasma) oncotic
pressure (water pulling)
•Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
22. First kind of cells to sense changes in osmotic pressure are ________ -
Correct Answer: Neurons- manifest as change in mental status
23.What is the main characteristic of nephrotic syndrome? - Correct
Answer: Edema- caused by albumin loss
