NUR 612 Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What is the important function of the Loop of Henle? - Correct Answer:
controlling concentration of urine
2. As a whole, does the Loop of Henle absorb more water or Na+ and Cl-? -
Correct Answer: Na+ and Cl-
3. Area of the Loop of Henle in which the concentration of urine increases -
Correct Answer: thin descending limb
4. Area of the Loop of Henle in which solutes are reabsorbed but water does
not follow - diluting segment - Correct Answer: thin ascending limb
5. Area of the Loop of Henle in which there is reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+ -
results in a dilute filtrate - Correct Answer: thick ascending limb
6. What percentage of Na+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the
Loop of Henle? - Correct Answer: 20%
,7. What is the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule? - Correct
Answer: relatively impermeable to water
8. What percentage of Na+ reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted
tubule? - Correct Answer: 5%
9. What diuretics work in the distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting Na+
reabsorption? - Correct Answer: thiazide diuretics
10.What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule? - Correct Answer:
reabsorption of NaCl which further dilutes tubular fluid through a co-
transport system
11.What occurs in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting system when
Na+ is reabsorbed because of the effect of aldosterone? - Correct
Answer: secretion of K+
12.Where do the anti-aldosterone diuretics (aldactone) work to stop the active
reabsorption of Na+ and "spare potassium" by preventing the secretion of
potassium - Correct Answer: late distal convoluted tubule and collecting
system
13.Primarily responsible for water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted
tubule and collecting system - Correct Answer: ADH (anti-diuretic
hormone)
,14.The kidney produces dilute or concentrated urine in response to: -
Correct Answer: changes in extracellular fluid osmolality
15.What mediates the regulation of urine concentration in the kidney? -
Correct Answer: ADH and high osmotic gradient in the interstitium of the
kidney
16.Where is ADH released from? - Correct Answer: posterior pituitary
17.What is another name for ADH? - Correct Answer: vasopressin
18.What occurs as filtrate flows through the tubule to change the
concentration of water and electrolytes? - Correct Answer: reabsorption
of water and solutes into capillary blood; secretion of electrolytes from the
blood into the tubular lumen
19.What is the primary goal in the regulation of renal blood flow? - Correct
Answer: to maintain GFR
20.What are required to maintain adequate blood flow to the kidney and
regulates renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: feedback mechanisms
21.Renal feedback mechanism that is considered autoregulation and is
maintained by paracrine (local) hormones - Correct Answer: intrinsic
, 22.Renal feedback mechanism that is mediated by the sympathetic nervous
system through blood-borne hormones - Correct Answer: extrinsic
23.What are some examples of neural occurrences that increase sympathetic
control of renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: shock and trauma
24.What occurs with increased sympathetic activity in the kidney? - Correct
Answer: constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles to decrease renal
blood flow
25.What are some humoral substances that cause vasoconstriction resulting in
decreased renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: angiotensin II, ADH,
endothelins
26.What are some humoral substances that cause vasodilation resulting in
increased renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: dopamine, nitric oxide,
prostaglandins
27.The point of contact between the distal convoluted tubule and the
nephron's glomerulus - Correct Answer: juxtoglomerular (JG) apparatus
28.What is contained by juxtoglomerular cells that is necessary to convert
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I? - Correct Answer: renin
29.Where is the juxtoglomerular complex located? - Correct Answer:
between the afferent and efferent arterioles
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What is the important function of the Loop of Henle? - Correct Answer:
controlling concentration of urine
2. As a whole, does the Loop of Henle absorb more water or Na+ and Cl-? -
Correct Answer: Na+ and Cl-
3. Area of the Loop of Henle in which the concentration of urine increases -
Correct Answer: thin descending limb
4. Area of the Loop of Henle in which solutes are reabsorbed but water does
not follow - diluting segment - Correct Answer: thin ascending limb
5. Area of the Loop of Henle in which there is reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+ -
results in a dilute filtrate - Correct Answer: thick ascending limb
6. What percentage of Na+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the
Loop of Henle? - Correct Answer: 20%
,7. What is the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule? - Correct
Answer: relatively impermeable to water
8. What percentage of Na+ reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted
tubule? - Correct Answer: 5%
9. What diuretics work in the distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting Na+
reabsorption? - Correct Answer: thiazide diuretics
10.What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule? - Correct Answer:
reabsorption of NaCl which further dilutes tubular fluid through a co-
transport system
11.What occurs in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting system when
Na+ is reabsorbed because of the effect of aldosterone? - Correct
Answer: secretion of K+
12.Where do the anti-aldosterone diuretics (aldactone) work to stop the active
reabsorption of Na+ and "spare potassium" by preventing the secretion of
potassium - Correct Answer: late distal convoluted tubule and collecting
system
13.Primarily responsible for water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted
tubule and collecting system - Correct Answer: ADH (anti-diuretic
hormone)
,14.The kidney produces dilute or concentrated urine in response to: -
Correct Answer: changes in extracellular fluid osmolality
15.What mediates the regulation of urine concentration in the kidney? -
Correct Answer: ADH and high osmotic gradient in the interstitium of the
kidney
16.Where is ADH released from? - Correct Answer: posterior pituitary
17.What is another name for ADH? - Correct Answer: vasopressin
18.What occurs as filtrate flows through the tubule to change the
concentration of water and electrolytes? - Correct Answer: reabsorption
of water and solutes into capillary blood; secretion of electrolytes from the
blood into the tubular lumen
19.What is the primary goal in the regulation of renal blood flow? - Correct
Answer: to maintain GFR
20.What are required to maintain adequate blood flow to the kidney and
regulates renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: feedback mechanisms
21.Renal feedback mechanism that is considered autoregulation and is
maintained by paracrine (local) hormones - Correct Answer: intrinsic
, 22.Renal feedback mechanism that is mediated by the sympathetic nervous
system through blood-borne hormones - Correct Answer: extrinsic
23.What are some examples of neural occurrences that increase sympathetic
control of renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: shock and trauma
24.What occurs with increased sympathetic activity in the kidney? - Correct
Answer: constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles to decrease renal
blood flow
25.What are some humoral substances that cause vasoconstriction resulting in
decreased renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: angiotensin II, ADH,
endothelins
26.What are some humoral substances that cause vasodilation resulting in
increased renal blood flow? - Correct Answer: dopamine, nitric oxide,
prostaglandins
27.The point of contact between the distal convoluted tubule and the
nephron's glomerulus - Correct Answer: juxtoglomerular (JG) apparatus
28.What is contained by juxtoglomerular cells that is necessary to convert
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I? - Correct Answer: renin
29.Where is the juxtoglomerular complex located? - Correct Answer:
between the afferent and efferent arterioles
