PSYC 2301 EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Schema (illness representation).
Answer: A patients own beliefs about their illnesses; what they
know about their disease/symptoms - helps them to explain.
◉ Five components of illness schemas.
Answer: - Identity (label)
- Consequences
- Causes
- Duration
- Cure
◉ Models of illness.
Answer: Most individuals have 3 models of illness:
- Acute illness
- Chronic illness
- Cyclic illness
,◉ Acute illness.
Answer: Bacterial or viral, short duration.
E.g. standard cold or flu; lasts a couple of weeks and then it is gone.
◉ Chronic illness.
Answer: Multi-factorial, long duration. Usually have for life; no clear
cure.
E.g. Diabetes
◉ Cyclic illness.
Answer: Alternating period of activity - being sick, and then being
well, etc.
◉ Interpretation of symptoms - additional influencers.
Answer: - Lay referral network - input from friends, family, peers
- Internet - background info, lifestyle modification
◉ Predictors of Health Service Users.
Answer: - Age
- Gender
- Socio-economic status (SES)
- Culture
,- Social psychological
◉ Age.
Answer: - Newborns use the system during birth
- Children/teens use it less (generally healthy)
- Late adulthood - health complications start; access of system
increases
- Elderly - use the system the most
◉ Gender.
Answer: - Women use the system more than men
- Women give birth, are more prone to seeking help, more proactive,
etc.
◉ Socio-economic status (SES).
Answer: - High SES = less use of system, more use of specialists
- Low SeS = high use of system, less use of specialists
◉ Culture.
Answer: - Visible minorities use the system more; less use of
specialists
- Ethnics made 4 + visits
, - Linguistic barriers - seen a lot in Canada
- Perceived quality of care
◉ Social Psychological.
Answer: - Individual attitude/beliefs about symptoms and health
care (if you think negatively about the system, you are most likely
going to have a negative experience; negative thinking)
- Health belief model predictors:
1. Perceived threat to health - perception of severity influences help
seeking
2. Belief of efficacy of intervention - knowing that there is a clear
treatment will increase likeliness to seek help. Not knowing
decreases likeliness.
◉ Misuse of Health Services.
Answer: Instances where the system is used incorrectly:
- Physical symptoms associated with emotional disturbances
- Symptoms triggered by psychological drivers
- Worried well individuals
- Somatacizers
- Secondary gains
◉ Symptoms triggered by psychological drivers.
EVALUATION 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Schema (illness representation).
Answer: A patients own beliefs about their illnesses; what they
know about their disease/symptoms - helps them to explain.
◉ Five components of illness schemas.
Answer: - Identity (label)
- Consequences
- Causes
- Duration
- Cure
◉ Models of illness.
Answer: Most individuals have 3 models of illness:
- Acute illness
- Chronic illness
- Cyclic illness
,◉ Acute illness.
Answer: Bacterial or viral, short duration.
E.g. standard cold or flu; lasts a couple of weeks and then it is gone.
◉ Chronic illness.
Answer: Multi-factorial, long duration. Usually have for life; no clear
cure.
E.g. Diabetes
◉ Cyclic illness.
Answer: Alternating period of activity - being sick, and then being
well, etc.
◉ Interpretation of symptoms - additional influencers.
Answer: - Lay referral network - input from friends, family, peers
- Internet - background info, lifestyle modification
◉ Predictors of Health Service Users.
Answer: - Age
- Gender
- Socio-economic status (SES)
- Culture
,- Social psychological
◉ Age.
Answer: - Newborns use the system during birth
- Children/teens use it less (generally healthy)
- Late adulthood - health complications start; access of system
increases
- Elderly - use the system the most
◉ Gender.
Answer: - Women use the system more than men
- Women give birth, are more prone to seeking help, more proactive,
etc.
◉ Socio-economic status (SES).
Answer: - High SES = less use of system, more use of specialists
- Low SeS = high use of system, less use of specialists
◉ Culture.
Answer: - Visible minorities use the system more; less use of
specialists
- Ethnics made 4 + visits
, - Linguistic barriers - seen a lot in Canada
- Perceived quality of care
◉ Social Psychological.
Answer: - Individual attitude/beliefs about symptoms and health
care (if you think negatively about the system, you are most likely
going to have a negative experience; negative thinking)
- Health belief model predictors:
1. Perceived threat to health - perception of severity influences help
seeking
2. Belief of efficacy of intervention - knowing that there is a clear
treatment will increase likeliness to seek help. Not knowing
decreases likeliness.
◉ Misuse of Health Services.
Answer: Instances where the system is used incorrectly:
- Physical symptoms associated with emotional disturbances
- Symptoms triggered by psychological drivers
- Worried well individuals
- Somatacizers
- Secondary gains
◉ Symptoms triggered by psychological drivers.
