BIOL 252 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II
FINAL EXAM || 300 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND 100%
EXPLANATIONS -A+ GRADED
Cardiovascular System & Blood
Q1. Covering cuts, scratches, or open wounds with waterproof dressing is not
required when handling blood as long as you wear gloves.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Explanation: Standard precautions require covering open wounds with waterproof
dressings when handling blood, regardless of glove use.
Q2. In the capillaries, ______ enters the bloodstream as waste from the
surrounding tissues.
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Glucose
Answer: B. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste product that enters the bloodstream
from tissues via capillaries.
Q3. Coagulation is the process of turning blood from a gel into a liquid to
prevent clot formation.
,A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Explanation: Coagulation is the process of turning blood from liquid into a gel (clot) to
prevent blood loss.
Q4. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right ventricle
D. Right atrium
Answer: D. Right atrium
Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body via
the superior and inferior vena cava.
Q5. The sequence of electrical impulses in a normal cardiac cycle begins at the:
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Sinoatrial (SA) node
D. Bundle of His
Answer: C. Sinoatrial (SA) node
Explanation: The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker, generating the initial
electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat.
Q6. Which of the following formed elements in blood is responsible for
transporting oxygen?
,A. Leukocyte
B. Thrombocyte
C. Erythrocyte
D. Plasma
Answer: C. Erythrocyte
Explanation: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and
transports oxygen throughout the body.
Q7. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and
recorded as two numbers. Which number represents the pressure in arteries
during ventricular relaxation?
A. Systolic pressure
B. Diastolic pressure
C. Pulse pressure
D. Mean arterial pressure
Answer: B. Diastolic pressure
Explanation: Diastolic pressure is the lower number, representing arterial pressure
during ventricular relaxation (filling).
Q8. Which blood vessel type is only one cell thick, allowing for efficient
exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues?
A. Artery
B. Arteriole
C. Vein
D. Capillary
Answer: D. Capillary
Explanation: Capillaries have walls only one endothelial cell thick, facilitating rapid
exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste.
, Q9. Erythropoietin is primarily produced by which organ in response to
hypoxia?
A. Liver
B. Bone marrow
C. Kidneys
D. Spleen
Answer: C. Kidneys
Explanation: Erythropoietin is produced mainly by the kidneys in response to low
oxygen levels and stimulates red blood cell production.
Q10. A patient with iron deficiency anemia would most likely present with
which lab finding?
A. Elevated MCV
B. Low serum ferritin
C. Elevated hemoglobin
D. High vitamin B12
Answer: B. Low serum ferritin
Explanation: Ferritin reflects iron stores; low ferritin is the best indicator of iron
deficiency anemia.
Q11. Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for defense against parasitic
infections and allergic reactions?
A. Neutrophils
B. Basophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: C. Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils release enzymes that damage parasite membranes and
modulate allergic responses.
FINAL EXAM || 300 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND 100%
EXPLANATIONS -A+ GRADED
Cardiovascular System & Blood
Q1. Covering cuts, scratches, or open wounds with waterproof dressing is not
required when handling blood as long as you wear gloves.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Explanation: Standard precautions require covering open wounds with waterproof
dressings when handling blood, regardless of glove use.
Q2. In the capillaries, ______ enters the bloodstream as waste from the
surrounding tissues.
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Glucose
Answer: B. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste product that enters the bloodstream
from tissues via capillaries.
Q3. Coagulation is the process of turning blood from a gel into a liquid to
prevent clot formation.
,A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Explanation: Coagulation is the process of turning blood from liquid into a gel (clot) to
prevent blood loss.
Q4. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right ventricle
D. Right atrium
Answer: D. Right atrium
Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body via
the superior and inferior vena cava.
Q5. The sequence of electrical impulses in a normal cardiac cycle begins at the:
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Sinoatrial (SA) node
D. Bundle of His
Answer: C. Sinoatrial (SA) node
Explanation: The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker, generating the initial
electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat.
Q6. Which of the following formed elements in blood is responsible for
transporting oxygen?
,A. Leukocyte
B. Thrombocyte
C. Erythrocyte
D. Plasma
Answer: C. Erythrocyte
Explanation: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and
transports oxygen throughout the body.
Q7. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and
recorded as two numbers. Which number represents the pressure in arteries
during ventricular relaxation?
A. Systolic pressure
B. Diastolic pressure
C. Pulse pressure
D. Mean arterial pressure
Answer: B. Diastolic pressure
Explanation: Diastolic pressure is the lower number, representing arterial pressure
during ventricular relaxation (filling).
Q8. Which blood vessel type is only one cell thick, allowing for efficient
exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues?
A. Artery
B. Arteriole
C. Vein
D. Capillary
Answer: D. Capillary
Explanation: Capillaries have walls only one endothelial cell thick, facilitating rapid
exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste.
, Q9. Erythropoietin is primarily produced by which organ in response to
hypoxia?
A. Liver
B. Bone marrow
C. Kidneys
D. Spleen
Answer: C. Kidneys
Explanation: Erythropoietin is produced mainly by the kidneys in response to low
oxygen levels and stimulates red blood cell production.
Q10. A patient with iron deficiency anemia would most likely present with
which lab finding?
A. Elevated MCV
B. Low serum ferritin
C. Elevated hemoglobin
D. High vitamin B12
Answer: B. Low serum ferritin
Explanation: Ferritin reflects iron stores; low ferritin is the best indicator of iron
deficiency anemia.
Q11. Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for defense against parasitic
infections and allergic reactions?
A. Neutrophils
B. Basophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: C. Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils release enzymes that damage parasite membranes and
modulate allergic responses.
