HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FROM CELLS TO
SYSTEMS 20TH EDITION UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ endocrine gland.
Answer: ductless, secrete hormones into the blood
◉ enzyme.
Answer: specialized protein molecule that catalyzes a particular
chemical reaction in the body
◉ epithelial tissue.
Answer: functional cell grouping that specializes in exchange of
materials between cell and its environment; covers and lines varies
body surfaces & cavities; also forms secretory glands
◉ exocrine gland.
Answer: secretes through ducts to outside of body or into a body
cavity that communicates with the outside
◉ extracellular fluid.
Answer: plasma (liquid portion of blood) + interstitial fluid
,◉ extrinsic control.
Answer: regulatory mechanism that originates outside the organ
affected, either via the nervous or endocrine system
◉ feedforward mechanism.
Answer: response designed to prevent an anticipated change in a
controlled variable
◉ glands.
Answer: epithelial tissue derivatives that are specialized for
secretion
◉ homeostatic control system.
Answer: sensor -> integrator (control center) -> effector; system
works to restore set point of a controlled variable
◉ organ.
Answer: 2 or more tissue types organized to perform 1 or more
functions
◉ tissue.
,Answer: (1) a functional aggregation of cells of a single specialized
type; (2) the aggregate of various cellular + extracellular
components that make up a particular organ [clinical usage]
◉ actin.
Answer: contractile protein forming the backbone of the thin
filaments in muscle fibers
◉ adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Answer: 2-phosphate product formed by splitting off of 1 phosphate
group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ultimate yield energy
for cellular use
◉ amoeboid movement.
Answer: "crawling" movement of white blood cells
◉ ATP synthase.
Answer: mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of ATP from
ADP + 1 inorganic phosphate group
◉ autophagy.
Answer: selective self-digestion of cell parts (such as worn-out
organelles) by lysosomes
, ◉ catalase.
Answer: an antioxidant enzyme found in peroxisomes that
decomposes H2O2 into H20 and O2
◉ cell.
Answer: smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes
associated with life; the basic unit of structure AND function in living
organisms
◉ cellular respiration.
Answer: series of chemical reactions in cell that convert nutrients
into yield energy, usually by using O2 and releasing CO2 as a
byproduct; glycolysis -> citric acid cycle -> oxidative
phosphorylation (electron transport system/chain + chemiosmosis)
◉ centrosome.
Answer: microtubule organizing center (also called "cell center")
near nucleus; consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an
amorphous mass of proteins
◉ chemiosmosis.
Answer: ATP production in mitochondria catalyzed by ATP synthase,
activated by flow of H+ ions down concentration gradient
established by electron transport system/chain
SYSTEMS 20TH EDITION UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ endocrine gland.
Answer: ductless, secrete hormones into the blood
◉ enzyme.
Answer: specialized protein molecule that catalyzes a particular
chemical reaction in the body
◉ epithelial tissue.
Answer: functional cell grouping that specializes in exchange of
materials between cell and its environment; covers and lines varies
body surfaces & cavities; also forms secretory glands
◉ exocrine gland.
Answer: secretes through ducts to outside of body or into a body
cavity that communicates with the outside
◉ extracellular fluid.
Answer: plasma (liquid portion of blood) + interstitial fluid
,◉ extrinsic control.
Answer: regulatory mechanism that originates outside the organ
affected, either via the nervous or endocrine system
◉ feedforward mechanism.
Answer: response designed to prevent an anticipated change in a
controlled variable
◉ glands.
Answer: epithelial tissue derivatives that are specialized for
secretion
◉ homeostatic control system.
Answer: sensor -> integrator (control center) -> effector; system
works to restore set point of a controlled variable
◉ organ.
Answer: 2 or more tissue types organized to perform 1 or more
functions
◉ tissue.
,Answer: (1) a functional aggregation of cells of a single specialized
type; (2) the aggregate of various cellular + extracellular
components that make up a particular organ [clinical usage]
◉ actin.
Answer: contractile protein forming the backbone of the thin
filaments in muscle fibers
◉ adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Answer: 2-phosphate product formed by splitting off of 1 phosphate
group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ultimate yield energy
for cellular use
◉ amoeboid movement.
Answer: "crawling" movement of white blood cells
◉ ATP synthase.
Answer: mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of ATP from
ADP + 1 inorganic phosphate group
◉ autophagy.
Answer: selective self-digestion of cell parts (such as worn-out
organelles) by lysosomes
, ◉ catalase.
Answer: an antioxidant enzyme found in peroxisomes that
decomposes H2O2 into H20 and O2
◉ cell.
Answer: smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes
associated with life; the basic unit of structure AND function in living
organisms
◉ cellular respiration.
Answer: series of chemical reactions in cell that convert nutrients
into yield energy, usually by using O2 and releasing CO2 as a
byproduct; glycolysis -> citric acid cycle -> oxidative
phosphorylation (electron transport system/chain + chemiosmosis)
◉ centrosome.
Answer: microtubule organizing center (also called "cell center")
near nucleus; consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an
amorphous mass of proteins
◉ chemiosmosis.
Answer: ATP production in mitochondria catalyzed by ATP synthase,
activated by flow of H+ ions down concentration gradient
established by electron transport system/chain
