BIO 139 KCTCS EXAM SCRIPT UPDATED
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED APLUS
●● During a severe hemorrhage John goes into hypovalemic shock &
his heart starts racing. Why does his HR increase?
Answer: Decreased BP and blood volume causes activation of
baroreceptors in the brain. Baroreceptors cause reflex activation of
vasomotor and cardiac acceleratory centers than then increase HR
leading to increased CO, and MAP
●● A hyperintensive patient is successfully treated with diuretics.
Discuss what problem this treatment is addressing and the role of the
kidneys in blood pressure control.
Answer: Diuretics help the body get rid of unneeded water and sodium
through urine. The kidneys remove more sodium and water from the
blood causing a decrease in blood volume, producing decrease BP.
●● Another hyperintensive patient is given captoril (an ACE inhibitor)
and her blood pressure decreases. Explain how this drug works to lower
blood pressure.
Answer: An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin
to angiotensin II. Angiotensin is a hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor.
If you block the conversion of angiotensin, blood pressure will decrease.
,●● An elderly patient sometimes gets dizzy if he stands up too quickly.
One time he almost fainted and is worried this will lead to a fall and
bone fractures. Explain his condition.
Answer: Orthostatic hypotension is when systolic pressure decreases by
20 mmHG or diasolic pressure decreases 10 mmHG. This condition is a
drop in blood pressure die to a change in body position. The change in
position causes a temporary reduction in blood flow and a shortage of
oxygen. In an older patient, this could be due to weakened muscle
strength in venous return, and decreased vein elasticity.
●● After visiting the doctor, April discovers her cholesterol levels are
250 mg/dL. Her doctor warns her that if she doesn't control her
cholesterol levels she is in danger of becoming hypertensive. How are
cholesterol and hypertension related. Be specific.
Answer: When arteries become hardened and narrowed with cholesterol
plaque and calcium, the heart has to strain much harder to pump blood
through arteries. As a result, vasoconstriction causes increased BP that
could lead to hypertension.
●● Gabriel, a heroin addict, feels tired, is weak and feverish, and has
vague aches and pains. Terrified that he as AIDS, he goes to the doctor
and is informed that he doesn't have AIDS. The doctor tells him that he
is suffering from an infection of the interior lining of the heart. He also
has abnormal heart sounds.
-What conditions explain his symptoms?
-What is the most likely way Gabriel became infected?
, Answer: Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart
chambers and valves. This occurs if bacteria, funji, or other germs
invade your bloodstream. Abnormal heart sounds could be explain by a
heart murmur.
Because he is a heroin addict, assuming her administers intravenously, it
is possible he shared drug equipment or used a dirty needle. This would
inject the bacteria straight into his blood strream.
His symptoms that he is experiencing are explained by endocarditis
because they are flu-like.
●● Frank a 50 year old airline pilot, visits his doctor complaining of
severe, intense, crushing sensations in his chest that radiated to his left
shoulder and down he side of his left arm, triggered by an off-duty rugby
match. the chest discomfort was relieved by resting. An exercise
tolerance test was performed. Mild exertion resulted in chest pain, which
was relieved by nitroglycerin. Frank was given beta-blockers and
calcium channel blockers as pharmacologic therapy.
Vital Signs: HR=98 bpm; BP= 160/110 mmHg
- What is this patient experiencing?
-What is the cause of the pain?
-What is the site of action of nitroglycerin?
-What is the site of action of beta-blockers?
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED APLUS
●● During a severe hemorrhage John goes into hypovalemic shock &
his heart starts racing. Why does his HR increase?
Answer: Decreased BP and blood volume causes activation of
baroreceptors in the brain. Baroreceptors cause reflex activation of
vasomotor and cardiac acceleratory centers than then increase HR
leading to increased CO, and MAP
●● A hyperintensive patient is successfully treated with diuretics.
Discuss what problem this treatment is addressing and the role of the
kidneys in blood pressure control.
Answer: Diuretics help the body get rid of unneeded water and sodium
through urine. The kidneys remove more sodium and water from the
blood causing a decrease in blood volume, producing decrease BP.
●● Another hyperintensive patient is given captoril (an ACE inhibitor)
and her blood pressure decreases. Explain how this drug works to lower
blood pressure.
Answer: An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin
to angiotensin II. Angiotensin is a hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor.
If you block the conversion of angiotensin, blood pressure will decrease.
,●● An elderly patient sometimes gets dizzy if he stands up too quickly.
One time he almost fainted and is worried this will lead to a fall and
bone fractures. Explain his condition.
Answer: Orthostatic hypotension is when systolic pressure decreases by
20 mmHG or diasolic pressure decreases 10 mmHG. This condition is a
drop in blood pressure die to a change in body position. The change in
position causes a temporary reduction in blood flow and a shortage of
oxygen. In an older patient, this could be due to weakened muscle
strength in venous return, and decreased vein elasticity.
●● After visiting the doctor, April discovers her cholesterol levels are
250 mg/dL. Her doctor warns her that if she doesn't control her
cholesterol levels she is in danger of becoming hypertensive. How are
cholesterol and hypertension related. Be specific.
Answer: When arteries become hardened and narrowed with cholesterol
plaque and calcium, the heart has to strain much harder to pump blood
through arteries. As a result, vasoconstriction causes increased BP that
could lead to hypertension.
●● Gabriel, a heroin addict, feels tired, is weak and feverish, and has
vague aches and pains. Terrified that he as AIDS, he goes to the doctor
and is informed that he doesn't have AIDS. The doctor tells him that he
is suffering from an infection of the interior lining of the heart. He also
has abnormal heart sounds.
-What conditions explain his symptoms?
-What is the most likely way Gabriel became infected?
, Answer: Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart
chambers and valves. This occurs if bacteria, funji, or other germs
invade your bloodstream. Abnormal heart sounds could be explain by a
heart murmur.
Because he is a heroin addict, assuming her administers intravenously, it
is possible he shared drug equipment or used a dirty needle. This would
inject the bacteria straight into his blood strream.
His symptoms that he is experiencing are explained by endocarditis
because they are flu-like.
●● Frank a 50 year old airline pilot, visits his doctor complaining of
severe, intense, crushing sensations in his chest that radiated to his left
shoulder and down he side of his left arm, triggered by an off-duty rugby
match. the chest discomfort was relieved by resting. An exercise
tolerance test was performed. Mild exertion resulted in chest pain, which
was relieved by nitroglycerin. Frank was given beta-blockers and
calcium channel blockers as pharmacologic therapy.
Vital Signs: HR=98 bpm; BP= 160/110 mmHg
- What is this patient experiencing?
-What is the cause of the pain?
-What is the site of action of nitroglycerin?
-What is the site of action of beta-blockers?
