ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION BIOD 121 FINAL
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS SET COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE RESPONSES
GRADED A+
⩥ essential nutrients.
Answer: nutrients body cannot make itself
⩥ 6 major essential nutrients.
Answer: Carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
⩥ Carbohydrates role in body.
Answer: -4cal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-2 groups: simple & complex
Simple: sugars Complex: starch & dietary fiber
,-energy used first to fuel muscles and brain
-(45-65% of calories should come from carbohydrates
-sources: grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta and rice as well as
fruits and vegetables
⩥ What does SOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?.
Answer: -fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, brown rice, oats, barley, rice brans
-lowers blood cholesterol and helps to control blood sugar levels while
providing very little energy
⩥ What does INSOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?.
Answer: -wheat & corn bran, whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables,
fruit skins, nuts
-don't provide any calories
-helps alleviate digestive disorders like constipation or diverticulitis and
may prevent colon cancer
⩥ Proteins role in the body.
Answer: -4cal/g
-broken down into amino acids by the digestive system
-amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red blood
cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones
-adequate protein intake is important for healthy immune system
,-Because protein is a source of calories it will be used for energy if not
enough carbohydrate is available
-sources: animal products-meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, eggs.
vegetable sources-legumes(beans, lentils, dried peas, nuts) and seeds
⩥ Fat's role in the body.
Answer: -9 kcal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-includes mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats
-Higher in saturated fat: animal-based foods- meats and milk products
-higher in unsaturated fats: vegetable oils
-Fat maintains skin and hair, cushions vital organs, provides insulation,
and is necessary for the production and absorption of certain vitamins
and hormones
-no more than 30% calories as fat
-no more than 10% calories as unsaturated fat
⩥ Vitamins role in body.
Answer: -REGULATE chemical reactions in the body
-13 vitamins
-most vitamins cannot be made in body, so we must obtain them through
the diet
-not a source of energy
, -best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement bc
there is little chance of taking too high a dose
⩥ Minerals role in body.
Answer: -REGULATOR
-assist in all body processes
-components of foods that are involved in many body functions
-ex: calcium & magnesium important for bone structure
-ex: iron needed for red blood cells to transport oxygen
-not a source of energy
-best obtained through a varied diet rather than supplements
⩥ Water's role in body.
Answer: -vital nutrient for good health
-body cells cannot function without water
-most of our body weight (60-70%) is made up of water
-helps control body temperature, carries nutrients and waste products
from cells, and is needed for our cells to function
-recommended that adults drink 8 glasses of fluid daily (or more)
-fluid does not have to be water alone - it can be obtained from juice,
milk, soup & foods high in water such as fruits & vegetables
-caffeine-containing beverages don't count bc caffeine is diuretic,
making us lose water
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS SET COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE RESPONSES
GRADED A+
⩥ essential nutrients.
Answer: nutrients body cannot make itself
⩥ 6 major essential nutrients.
Answer: Carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
⩥ Carbohydrates role in body.
Answer: -4cal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-2 groups: simple & complex
Simple: sugars Complex: starch & dietary fiber
,-energy used first to fuel muscles and brain
-(45-65% of calories should come from carbohydrates
-sources: grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta and rice as well as
fruits and vegetables
⩥ What does SOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?.
Answer: -fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, brown rice, oats, barley, rice brans
-lowers blood cholesterol and helps to control blood sugar levels while
providing very little energy
⩥ What does INSOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?.
Answer: -wheat & corn bran, whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables,
fruit skins, nuts
-don't provide any calories
-helps alleviate digestive disorders like constipation or diverticulitis and
may prevent colon cancer
⩥ Proteins role in the body.
Answer: -4cal/g
-broken down into amino acids by the digestive system
-amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red blood
cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones
-adequate protein intake is important for healthy immune system
,-Because protein is a source of calories it will be used for energy if not
enough carbohydrate is available
-sources: animal products-meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, eggs.
vegetable sources-legumes(beans, lentils, dried peas, nuts) and seeds
⩥ Fat's role in the body.
Answer: -9 kcal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-includes mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats
-Higher in saturated fat: animal-based foods- meats and milk products
-higher in unsaturated fats: vegetable oils
-Fat maintains skin and hair, cushions vital organs, provides insulation,
and is necessary for the production and absorption of certain vitamins
and hormones
-no more than 30% calories as fat
-no more than 10% calories as unsaturated fat
⩥ Vitamins role in body.
Answer: -REGULATE chemical reactions in the body
-13 vitamins
-most vitamins cannot be made in body, so we must obtain them through
the diet
-not a source of energy
, -best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement bc
there is little chance of taking too high a dose
⩥ Minerals role in body.
Answer: -REGULATOR
-assist in all body processes
-components of foods that are involved in many body functions
-ex: calcium & magnesium important for bone structure
-ex: iron needed for red blood cells to transport oxygen
-not a source of energy
-best obtained through a varied diet rather than supplements
⩥ Water's role in body.
Answer: -vital nutrient for good health
-body cells cannot function without water
-most of our body weight (60-70%) is made up of water
-helps control body temperature, carries nutrients and waste products
from cells, and is needed for our cells to function
-recommended that adults drink 8 glasses of fluid daily (or more)
-fluid does not have to be water alone - it can be obtained from juice,
milk, soup & foods high in water such as fruits & vegetables
-caffeine-containing beverages don't count bc caffeine is diuretic,
making us lose water
