ESOL GACE TEST 2 SUBAREA 1 OBJECTIVE 4
CORE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTS REVIEW 2026
◉ gerund phrase.
Answer: phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and
act as nouns)
◉ connotation.
Answer: the emotional association of a word
◉ helping verb.
Answer: verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
◉ Woodock-Munoz Language Survey.
Answer: an individually administered assessment that measures
cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary
usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification
◉ audio lingual method (ALM).
,Answer: an oral-based approach to language instruction developed
by linguists and behavioral psychologists; teaches the target
language through repetition
◉ English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century.
Answer: consortium of states whose assessments are aligned to the
English Language Proficiency standards developed by the Council of
Chief State School Officials (CCSSO), which determines the states'
college and career ready (CCR) standards
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of the production of sounds in speech
◉ silent way.
Answer: teaching method based on the idea that language learning
should be much like problem-solving and discovery learning;
teachers are as silent as possible during lessons in order to promote
student participation and experimentation and to concentrate on
learning over teaching
◉ age equivalent score.
Answer: found using the average score of students within an age
group
,◉ dependent (or subordinate) clause.
Answer: a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
◉ inferential item.
Answer: a piece of information that requires the test taker to read
between the lines in order to determine what the author is implying
◉ communicative competence.
Answer: the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a
social context as well as correctly in terms of rules and structure
◉ two word stage.
Answer: stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words
and use word combinations
◉ early stage of literacy development.
Answer: characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to
predict and understand words
◉ lead and support.
Answer: teaching strategy that relies on one instructor assuming a
lead teaching role with the other providing support as needed
, ◉ intermediate fluency.
Answer: fourth stage of language acquisition; learners have acquired
a vocabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more
complex sentences and correct many of their own errors
◉ free morpheme.
Answer: a morpheme that can stand on its own
◉ literal item.
Answer: information that refers directly back to the content of the
reading material where the answer is defined word for word
◉ semicolon.
Answer: punctuation used to join two closely related sentences that
could each stand on their own
◉ monitor hypothesis.
Answer: knowledge that is gained through formal learning that can
be used to monitor speech but is not useful in spontaneous speech
◉ validity.
Answer: indicates how well an assessment measures what it is
intended to measure; a test is not considered valid if it is not reliable
CORE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTS REVIEW 2026
◉ gerund phrase.
Answer: phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and
act as nouns)
◉ connotation.
Answer: the emotional association of a word
◉ helping verb.
Answer: verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
◉ Woodock-Munoz Language Survey.
Answer: an individually administered assessment that measures
cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary
usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification
◉ audio lingual method (ALM).
,Answer: an oral-based approach to language instruction developed
by linguists and behavioral psychologists; teaches the target
language through repetition
◉ English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century.
Answer: consortium of states whose assessments are aligned to the
English Language Proficiency standards developed by the Council of
Chief State School Officials (CCSSO), which determines the states'
college and career ready (CCR) standards
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of the production of sounds in speech
◉ silent way.
Answer: teaching method based on the idea that language learning
should be much like problem-solving and discovery learning;
teachers are as silent as possible during lessons in order to promote
student participation and experimentation and to concentrate on
learning over teaching
◉ age equivalent score.
Answer: found using the average score of students within an age
group
,◉ dependent (or subordinate) clause.
Answer: a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
◉ inferential item.
Answer: a piece of information that requires the test taker to read
between the lines in order to determine what the author is implying
◉ communicative competence.
Answer: the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a
social context as well as correctly in terms of rules and structure
◉ two word stage.
Answer: stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words
and use word combinations
◉ early stage of literacy development.
Answer: characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to
predict and understand words
◉ lead and support.
Answer: teaching strategy that relies on one instructor assuming a
lead teaching role with the other providing support as needed
, ◉ intermediate fluency.
Answer: fourth stage of language acquisition; learners have acquired
a vocabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more
complex sentences and correct many of their own errors
◉ free morpheme.
Answer: a morpheme that can stand on its own
◉ literal item.
Answer: information that refers directly back to the content of the
reading material where the answer is defined word for word
◉ semicolon.
Answer: punctuation used to join two closely related sentences that
could each stand on their own
◉ monitor hypothesis.
Answer: knowledge that is gained through formal learning that can
be used to monitor speech but is not useful in spontaneous speech
◉ validity.
Answer: indicates how well an assessment measures what it is
intended to measure; a test is not considered valid if it is not reliable
