lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
NR565 – Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Exam Study Guide – Final Exam
Exam Format:Non-Cumulative Exam
Question Type: Multiple Choice
Number of Questions: 100
Time Allotted:120 minutes(1.2 minutes per question)
Testing Timeframe: The final exam will be available starting on
WednesdayWeek 8 at 12:01 am MT until SaturdayWeek 8 at 11:59 pm MT.
1. Exam CoverageContent Areas:
• Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders
• Week 6: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory Conditions
• Week 7: Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal Conditions
• Week 8: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
2. Key Concepts to Study
Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders, Chapters 48-49
Radioactive iodine adverse effects
Leads to hyperthyroidism requiring life long replacement, gi upset, metallalic taste,
n/v,glandular swelling, fatigue
Methimazole indication and MOA
Suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones. These agents can be used long term to treat
hyperthyroidism or short term as preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy or therapy with
radioactive iodine. Methimazole is a first-line drug for hyperthyroidism. Benefits derive from
inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. the drug should be avoided during the first trimester.
Use in the second and third trimesters is considered safe. the first trimester of pregnancy,
PTU is the preferred drug. Methimazole has four applications in hyperthyroidism:
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
• It can be used as the sole form of therapy for Graves disease.
• It can be used as an adjunct to radiation therapy until the effects of radiation become
manifest.
• It can be given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis in preparation for thyroid gland
surgery (subtotal thyroidectomy).
• It can be given to patients experiencing thyrotoxic crisis.s/e—
agranulocytosis/hepatotoxicity
Levothyroxine education, population considerations, monitoring, drug interactions, dosing,
adjustments
Start low in the elderly or cardiac patients, lifelong therapy for hypothyroidism, drug
interactions are calcium and iron supplements can reduce absorption and should take at
least 4 hours after levo, take by itself due to food decreases absorption, interacts with
antacids and ppi’s, pregnancy will reduce effectiveness and have to raise dose during
pregnancy. Always do pregnancy test for hypo/hyperthyroidism
Pioglitazone contraindications
Heart failure contraindicated, increased fluid retention
Gemfibrozil drug interactions
Blood thinners, statins and increased risk of muscle problems, Repaglinide or dasabuvir.
Insulin detemir dosing, duration, and indications
Insulin detemir (Levemir) is a human insulin analog with a slow onset and dose-dependent
duration of action. At low doses (0.2 units/kg), effects persist about 12 hours. At higher doses
(0.4 units/kg), effects persist for up to 20 to 24 hours. Because of its slow onset and
prolonged duration, insulin detemir is used to provide basal glycemic control. It is not given
before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia, , insulin detemir has a slower onset and
longer duration. In treating diabetes, the objectives of insulin therapy are to maintain blood
glucose within acceptable levels and prevent diabetes-related complications. When therapy
is successful, both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are minimized and long-term
complications of diabetes are avoided.
Insulin glargine administration
Insulin glargine is indicated for once-daily subQ dosing to treat adults and children with T1D
and adults with T2D. That being said, some patients require twice-daily administration to
NR565 – Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Exam Study Guide – Final Exam
Exam Format:Non-Cumulative Exam
Question Type: Multiple Choice
Number of Questions: 100
Time Allotted:120 minutes(1.2 minutes per question)
Testing Timeframe: The final exam will be available starting on
WednesdayWeek 8 at 12:01 am MT until SaturdayWeek 8 at 11:59 pm MT.
1. Exam CoverageContent Areas:
• Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders
• Week 6: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory Conditions
• Week 7: Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal Conditions
• Week 8: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
2. Key Concepts to Study
Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders, Chapters 48-49
Radioactive iodine adverse effects
Leads to hyperthyroidism requiring life long replacement, gi upset, metallalic taste,
n/v,glandular swelling, fatigue
Methimazole indication and MOA
Suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones. These agents can be used long term to treat
hyperthyroidism or short term as preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy or therapy with
radioactive iodine. Methimazole is a first-line drug for hyperthyroidism. Benefits derive from
inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. the drug should be avoided during the first trimester.
Use in the second and third trimesters is considered safe. the first trimester of pregnancy,
PTU is the preferred drug. Methimazole has four applications in hyperthyroidism:
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
• It can be used as the sole form of therapy for Graves disease.
• It can be used as an adjunct to radiation therapy until the effects of radiation become
manifest.
• It can be given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis in preparation for thyroid gland
surgery (subtotal thyroidectomy).
• It can be given to patients experiencing thyrotoxic crisis.s/e—
agranulocytosis/hepatotoxicity
Levothyroxine education, population considerations, monitoring, drug interactions, dosing,
adjustments
Start low in the elderly or cardiac patients, lifelong therapy for hypothyroidism, drug
interactions are calcium and iron supplements can reduce absorption and should take at
least 4 hours after levo, take by itself due to food decreases absorption, interacts with
antacids and ppi’s, pregnancy will reduce effectiveness and have to raise dose during
pregnancy. Always do pregnancy test for hypo/hyperthyroidism
Pioglitazone contraindications
Heart failure contraindicated, increased fluid retention
Gemfibrozil drug interactions
Blood thinners, statins and increased risk of muscle problems, Repaglinide or dasabuvir.
Insulin detemir dosing, duration, and indications
Insulin detemir (Levemir) is a human insulin analog with a slow onset and dose-dependent
duration of action. At low doses (0.2 units/kg), effects persist about 12 hours. At higher doses
(0.4 units/kg), effects persist for up to 20 to 24 hours. Because of its slow onset and
prolonged duration, insulin detemir is used to provide basal glycemic control. It is not given
before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia, , insulin detemir has a slower onset and
longer duration. In treating diabetes, the objectives of insulin therapy are to maintain blood
glucose within acceptable levels and prevent diabetes-related complications. When therapy
is successful, both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are minimized and long-term
complications of diabetes are avoided.
Insulin glargine administration
Insulin glargine is indicated for once-daily subQ dosing to treat adults and children with T1D
and adults with T2D. That being said, some patients require twice-daily administration to
