Excretion System
↳ The process
by which animals rid themselves of waste products and or the
nitrogenous by-products
of metabolism
cells
constantly products from metabolic reactions
→
are waste
→
These waste products are :
↳ ↳ Bile and uric acid )
CO2 pigments ↳
nitrogenous waste 1 ammonia ,
urea
↳ Water
↳
lungs : excrete of CO2
→
Cellular respiration occurs in the cells :
C , H , 20 , t 602 →
6102 +
6h20
→
CO2 is a metabolic waste product
→ The
way
the
body gets rid of it is
through breathing / ventilation
exhalation
breathing out
o →
inhalation
breathing in
o →
Normally
→
stimulus to breathe
an increased concentration of CO2 is the
strongest more
deeply
and more
frequently
less frequent breathing / brain
P ( Oa in blood = stimulus 1the brain ↳ Icon in blood =
decreases
=
frequent breathing frequency and depth of breaths )
→
102 is the
trigger to control
breathing
hyperventilation breathing involves breathing faster and/or deeper than the body
→
or over -
,
naturally demands
→ Diver :
leaves the diver susceptible to loss of
hyperventilation from hypoxia 1 loss of 021
↳
consciousness
the diver before to inhale faints under water then CO2 levels
so runs out of 02 needing , ,
increase
causing the inhalation of water and death result unless there is timeous
, drowning ,
a rescue
↳ liver red blood cells I
( particularly
① Blood → liver →
kidney → urine
F medium where toxins travel in
② Bile → intestines
Red blood cells made of Heme ( holds
globin /protein
→
are : iron molecule) and portions
, ↳ What happens to the red blood cells :
1 .
Red BC → broken down into heme (holds iron molecules) and
globin / protein molecules
2. Globins are broken down into reusable amino acids
Heme broken down bilirubin
3.
gets into
4. Free bilirubin s become bilirubin
conjugated
5 .
They are
egested
haemoglobin
at
Fe heme Globin
back into
bilirubin Amino Acid →
Recycled ±
the
body
1. Free
Amino Acid
2. Conjucated
Pool
1
Excreted * free →
conjugated in liver
↳
kidney
↳ some weird into :
left kidney sits
higher than
right kidney / due to liver pushes
,
it down )
:
left kidney sits superior to the right
kidney that is inferior in the abdominal
cavity
Urine is excreted items don't put
body
: → so back into the
↳
kidney anatomy : capsule → external
covering
Pelvis →
Pathway for urine to ureter
Medulla → contains nephrons Ureter →
Pathway for urine to urethra
* Urine blood vessels
cortex → contains to connect to
nephrons Calyx → urine
pathways
toxins 1- Renal Artery 02 blood
→
waste products → Carries to the
kidneys
Renal deoa away from kidneys
→ excreted items Vein → Carries blood
nephron
Ienlarged)
{
Renal
Artery
Renal
Vein
↳ The process
by which animals rid themselves of waste products and or the
nitrogenous by-products
of metabolism
cells
constantly products from metabolic reactions
→
are waste
→
These waste products are :
↳ ↳ Bile and uric acid )
CO2 pigments ↳
nitrogenous waste 1 ammonia ,
urea
↳ Water
↳
lungs : excrete of CO2
→
Cellular respiration occurs in the cells :
C , H , 20 , t 602 →
6102 +
6h20
→
CO2 is a metabolic waste product
→ The
way
the
body gets rid of it is
through breathing / ventilation
exhalation
breathing out
o →
inhalation
breathing in
o →
Normally
→
stimulus to breathe
an increased concentration of CO2 is the
strongest more
deeply
and more
frequently
less frequent breathing / brain
P ( Oa in blood = stimulus 1the brain ↳ Icon in blood =
decreases
=
frequent breathing frequency and depth of breaths )
→
102 is the
trigger to control
breathing
hyperventilation breathing involves breathing faster and/or deeper than the body
→
or over -
,
naturally demands
→ Diver :
leaves the diver susceptible to loss of
hyperventilation from hypoxia 1 loss of 021
↳
consciousness
the diver before to inhale faints under water then CO2 levels
so runs out of 02 needing , ,
increase
causing the inhalation of water and death result unless there is timeous
, drowning ,
a rescue
↳ liver red blood cells I
( particularly
① Blood → liver →
kidney → urine
F medium where toxins travel in
② Bile → intestines
Red blood cells made of Heme ( holds
globin /protein
→
are : iron molecule) and portions
, ↳ What happens to the red blood cells :
1 .
Red BC → broken down into heme (holds iron molecules) and
globin / protein molecules
2. Globins are broken down into reusable amino acids
Heme broken down bilirubin
3.
gets into
4. Free bilirubin s become bilirubin
conjugated
5 .
They are
egested
haemoglobin
at
Fe heme Globin
back into
bilirubin Amino Acid →
Recycled ±
the
body
1. Free
Amino Acid
2. Conjucated
Pool
1
Excreted * free →
conjugated in liver
↳
kidney
↳ some weird into :
left kidney sits
higher than
right kidney / due to liver pushes
,
it down )
:
left kidney sits superior to the right
kidney that is inferior in the abdominal
cavity
Urine is excreted items don't put
body
: → so back into the
↳
kidney anatomy : capsule → external
covering
Pelvis →
Pathway for urine to ureter
Medulla → contains nephrons Ureter →
Pathway for urine to urethra
* Urine blood vessels
cortex → contains to connect to
nephrons Calyx → urine
pathways
toxins 1- Renal Artery 02 blood
→
waste products → Carries to the
kidneys
Renal deoa away from kidneys
→ excreted items Vein → Carries blood
nephron
Ienlarged)
{
Renal
Artery
Renal
Vein
