PSYC 302 TEST 1 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS,RATED A.
,information -others (tenacity, common sense, intuition, authority)- we
tend to reject these because we think the scientific method is
superior
what are the 5 working assumptions of science? - CORRECT
ANSWER--realism: philosophy that objects perceived have an actual
existence outside of the mind -rationality: reasoning and logic are the
basis for solving problems (not "others") -regularity: phenomenons exist
in recurring patterns that conform with universal laws
-causality: all events happen because of preceding causes
-discoverability: belief that it is possible to learn solutions to questions
that are asked- our only limits are time and resources ($)
, processes (objectives) of science/the scientific method - CORRECT
ANSWER-description
-explanation (what explain the phenomenon AKA the theory!)
-prediction (AKA hypothesis)
characteristics of the scientific approach/method/science in general -
science is... - CORRECT ANSWER-control: SINGLE MOST
IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS- ability to
minimize the influence of extraneous variables
-operational definitions: defining a variable in a way so that it is
measurable- convert it to a number- this has to happen in order for us
to study it -empirical: backed by data, not perceptions or opinions
-objective: science is based on objective or un-bias observation
-replication: the reproduction of the results of a study should be the
case for a good study
-self-correcting: science allows for new evidence to correct previous
beliefs- science is a commitment to change based on empirical
evidence -progressive: self correcting- science moves forward toward
truth, adding more and more information to previous knowledge
-tentative: dynamically fluid- science never claims to have the whole
truth because new information may come and make current knowledge
obsolete (out of date)
-parsimonious (occam's razor): we should use the simplest explanation
to account for a phenomenon -concerned with theory: one major
concern of science is the development of a theory about how
something works- theories allow us to explain things we're observing
and originate hypotheses to test
SOLUTIONS,RATED A.
,information -others (tenacity, common sense, intuition, authority)- we
tend to reject these because we think the scientific method is
superior
what are the 5 working assumptions of science? - CORRECT
ANSWER--realism: philosophy that objects perceived have an actual
existence outside of the mind -rationality: reasoning and logic are the
basis for solving problems (not "others") -regularity: phenomenons exist
in recurring patterns that conform with universal laws
-causality: all events happen because of preceding causes
-discoverability: belief that it is possible to learn solutions to questions
that are asked- our only limits are time and resources ($)
, processes (objectives) of science/the scientific method - CORRECT
ANSWER-description
-explanation (what explain the phenomenon AKA the theory!)
-prediction (AKA hypothesis)
characteristics of the scientific approach/method/science in general -
science is... - CORRECT ANSWER-control: SINGLE MOST
IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS- ability to
minimize the influence of extraneous variables
-operational definitions: defining a variable in a way so that it is
measurable- convert it to a number- this has to happen in order for us
to study it -empirical: backed by data, not perceptions or opinions
-objective: science is based on objective or un-bias observation
-replication: the reproduction of the results of a study should be the
case for a good study
-self-correcting: science allows for new evidence to correct previous
beliefs- science is a commitment to change based on empirical
evidence -progressive: self correcting- science moves forward toward
truth, adding more and more information to previous knowledge
-tentative: dynamically fluid- science never claims to have the whole
truth because new information may come and make current knowledge
obsolete (out of date)
-parsimonious (occam's razor): we should use the simplest explanation
to account for a phenomenon -concerned with theory: one major
concern of science is the development of a theory about how
something works- theories allow us to explain things we're observing
and originate hypotheses to test
