NUR 205 EXAM 2 HONDRO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATES 2025/2026
Largest Organ of the body - ANSWER-The Skin
Two layers of the skin - ANSWER-Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis - ANSWER-top layer of skin
Stratum Corneum - ANSWER-Outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of
flattened, keratinized cells
Define Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-Described as impaired skin integrity related to
unrelieved, prolonged pressure, usually over a boney prominence
Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors - ANSWER--decreased mobility
-decreased sensory perception
-fecal or urinary incontinence
-poor nutrition
Individuals at risk for pressure ulcers - ANSWER--older adults that have experienced a
trauma
-those with spinal cord injuries
-those who have sustained a fractured hip
-those in long-term homes or community care, the acutely ill
-individuals with diabetes
-patients in critical care settings (ICU)
Dermis - ANSWER-inner layer of skin, provides tensile strength, mechanical support,
and protection for the underlying muscles, bones, and organs
Tissue Ischemia - ANSWER-Pressure applied over a capillary exceeds the normal
capillary pressure, and the vessel is occluded for a prolonged period of time.
dermal-epidermal junction - ANSWER-separates dermis and epidermis
3 pressure related factors that contribute to pressure ulcer development - ANSWER--
pressure intensity
-pressure duration
-tissue tolerance
Non-blanchable hyperemia - ANSWER-redness that persists after palpation and
indicates tissue damage
Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--intact skin with nonblanchable redness
, -warm to touch, edema, can be a hardened area
Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--partial thickness skin loss
-shallow but open
-no slough or drainage
-red/pink wound bed
Stage 3 Pressure ulcer - ANSWER--full thickness tissue loss with visible underlying fat
-NO bone, muscle or tendon is visible
-can have slough
-underminning/tunneling
Stage 4 Pressure ulcer - ANSWER--full thickness tissue loss WITH visible muscle, bone
or tendon
-tunneling/underminning
Unstageable Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of
the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
-cannot be measured/depth unknown
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury - ANSWER--Purple or maroon localized area of
discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from
pressure and/or shear.
-depth unknown
Primary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound that is closed
-surgical incision
-wound that is sutured or stapled
-heals quickly with minimal scar formation
Secondary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound edges not approximated
-pressure ulcers, surgical wounds that have tissue loss or contamination
-wounds heal by granulation tissue formation
Tertiary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound that is left open to air for several days, then
wound edges are approximated
-wounds that are contaminated and require observation for signs of infection
-closure of wound is delayed until risk of infection is resolved
Acute Wound - ANSWER--wound that proceeds through an orderly and timely
reparative process
-ex: trauma, surgical incision
-wound edges are clean and intact
LATEST UPDATES 2025/2026
Largest Organ of the body - ANSWER-The Skin
Two layers of the skin - ANSWER-Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis - ANSWER-top layer of skin
Stratum Corneum - ANSWER-Outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of
flattened, keratinized cells
Define Pressure Ulcers - ANSWER-Described as impaired skin integrity related to
unrelieved, prolonged pressure, usually over a boney prominence
Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors - ANSWER--decreased mobility
-decreased sensory perception
-fecal or urinary incontinence
-poor nutrition
Individuals at risk for pressure ulcers - ANSWER--older adults that have experienced a
trauma
-those with spinal cord injuries
-those who have sustained a fractured hip
-those in long-term homes or community care, the acutely ill
-individuals with diabetes
-patients in critical care settings (ICU)
Dermis - ANSWER-inner layer of skin, provides tensile strength, mechanical support,
and protection for the underlying muscles, bones, and organs
Tissue Ischemia - ANSWER-Pressure applied over a capillary exceeds the normal
capillary pressure, and the vessel is occluded for a prolonged period of time.
dermal-epidermal junction - ANSWER-separates dermis and epidermis
3 pressure related factors that contribute to pressure ulcer development - ANSWER--
pressure intensity
-pressure duration
-tissue tolerance
Non-blanchable hyperemia - ANSWER-redness that persists after palpation and
indicates tissue damage
Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--intact skin with nonblanchable redness
, -warm to touch, edema, can be a hardened area
Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--partial thickness skin loss
-shallow but open
-no slough or drainage
-red/pink wound bed
Stage 3 Pressure ulcer - ANSWER--full thickness tissue loss with visible underlying fat
-NO bone, muscle or tendon is visible
-can have slough
-underminning/tunneling
Stage 4 Pressure ulcer - ANSWER--full thickness tissue loss WITH visible muscle, bone
or tendon
-tunneling/underminning
Unstageable Pressure Ulcer - ANSWER--Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of
the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
-cannot be measured/depth unknown
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury - ANSWER--Purple or maroon localized area of
discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from
pressure and/or shear.
-depth unknown
Primary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound that is closed
-surgical incision
-wound that is sutured or stapled
-heals quickly with minimal scar formation
Secondary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound edges not approximated
-pressure ulcers, surgical wounds that have tissue loss or contamination
-wounds heal by granulation tissue formation
Tertiary Wound Healing - ANSWER--wound that is left open to air for several days, then
wound edges are approximated
-wounds that are contaminated and require observation for signs of infection
-closure of wound is delayed until risk of infection is resolved
Acute Wound - ANSWER--wound that proceeds through an orderly and timely
reparative process
-ex: trauma, surgical incision
-wound edges are clean and intact
