Portage Pathophysiology Module 5 Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmw35
1. The respiratory system can be divided into conducting airways and respiratory tissues
what 2 structures?
2. What are the levels of branching? Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3. Where is the site of gas exchange? Alveoli
4. What cells are in the alveolar epithelium? Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages
5. Describe what happens during inspiration During inspiration, air is drawn into the
and expiration: lungs as the respiratory muscles expand the
chest cavity. During expiration, air moves
out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax
and the chest cavity becomes smaller.
6. What occurs with the diaphragm during in- The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspi-
spiration and expiration ration. When the diaphragm contracts (in-
spiration), the chest expands. Upon expira-
tion, the chest cavity decreases and pres-
sure inside increases.
7. What is lung compliance? What factors af- Lung compliance is the ease with which
fect it? lungs can be inflated. Elastin, collagen,
elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect
lung compliance.
8. What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion? Ventilation is the movement of gases into
and out of the lungs. Perfusion is the
process that allows blood flow to help facil-
itate gas exchange. Diffusion is the move-
ment of gases across the alveolar-capillary
membrane.
1/9
, Portage Pathophysiology Module 5 Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmw35
9. What is oxyhemoglobin? Oxyhemoglobin is the term to describe
when hemoglobin is bound with oxygen.
10. What is affinity? The ability of the hemoglobin molecule to
bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in
the tissues depends on the affinity of the
molecule.
11. How is carbon dioxide transported in the As dissolved carbon dioxide, attached to
blood? hemoglobin, as bicarbonate
12. How is breathing controlled? The automatic regulation is controlled by
both chemoreceptors and lung receptors.
Chemoreceptors monitor blood levels of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH and ad-
justs ventilation accordingly. Lung recep-
tors monitor breathing patterns and lung
function.
13. What are the characteristics of COPD? The pathogenesis of COPD includes inflam-
mation and fibrosis of the bronchial wall,
hypertrophy of the submucosal glands and
hypersecretion of mucus, and loss of elastic
lung fibers and alveolar tissue. This airflow
obstruction causes a mismatch in ventila-
tion and perfusion. Alveolar tissue destruc-
tion leads to a decreased surface area for
gas exchange.
14. What is the leading risk factor for COPD? Smoking
15. What are the characteristics of asthma? Asthma is a chronic respiratory dis-
ease characterized by airway obstruction,
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmw35
1. The respiratory system can be divided into conducting airways and respiratory tissues
what 2 structures?
2. What are the levels of branching? Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3. Where is the site of gas exchange? Alveoli
4. What cells are in the alveolar epithelium? Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages
5. Describe what happens during inspiration During inspiration, air is drawn into the
and expiration: lungs as the respiratory muscles expand the
chest cavity. During expiration, air moves
out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax
and the chest cavity becomes smaller.
6. What occurs with the diaphragm during in- The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspi-
spiration and expiration ration. When the diaphragm contracts (in-
spiration), the chest expands. Upon expira-
tion, the chest cavity decreases and pres-
sure inside increases.
7. What is lung compliance? What factors af- Lung compliance is the ease with which
fect it? lungs can be inflated. Elastin, collagen,
elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect
lung compliance.
8. What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion? Ventilation is the movement of gases into
and out of the lungs. Perfusion is the
process that allows blood flow to help facil-
itate gas exchange. Diffusion is the move-
ment of gases across the alveolar-capillary
membrane.
1/9
, Portage Pathophysiology Module 5 Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmw35
9. What is oxyhemoglobin? Oxyhemoglobin is the term to describe
when hemoglobin is bound with oxygen.
10. What is affinity? The ability of the hemoglobin molecule to
bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in
the tissues depends on the affinity of the
molecule.
11. How is carbon dioxide transported in the As dissolved carbon dioxide, attached to
blood? hemoglobin, as bicarbonate
12. How is breathing controlled? The automatic regulation is controlled by
both chemoreceptors and lung receptors.
Chemoreceptors monitor blood levels of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH and ad-
justs ventilation accordingly. Lung recep-
tors monitor breathing patterns and lung
function.
13. What are the characteristics of COPD? The pathogenesis of COPD includes inflam-
mation and fibrosis of the bronchial wall,
hypertrophy of the submucosal glands and
hypersecretion of mucus, and loss of elastic
lung fibers and alveolar tissue. This airflow
obstruction causes a mismatch in ventila-
tion and perfusion. Alveolar tissue destruc-
tion leads to a decreased surface area for
gas exchange.
14. What is the leading risk factor for COPD? Smoking
15. What are the characteristics of asthma? Asthma is a chronic respiratory dis-
ease characterized by airway obstruction,
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