PSE Test 1 with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |
Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
What should you be able to say to an "uninformed" person about the industry as a whole?
✔Correct Answer-The paper industry is actually a very sustainable industry and we do not waste
trees. We plant more trees than we cut down.
How much "paper stuff" do we make/consume? How about the rest of the world? ✔Correct
Answer-US makes 18% of all paper. Rest of the world produces 400 million tons.
Describe how paper evolved...from its beginnings to the present ✔Correct Answer-Paper was
invented because of the need to communicate effectively and record history. They used to use
Papyrus and beat the stem of it and press it into thin layers. It then changed in china when they
took papyrus stems and filtered it through a piece of silk cloth. Made by hand until the
letterpress was invented by Gutenburg in 1450. In 1798 Robert invented the continuous paper
machine called the fourdrinier. Later Burgess and Watt discover the soda process of cooking
wood in lye. Now, there are huge paper mills that make paper.
What is the essential nature of paper? The technical definition? ✔Correct Answer-The simple
definition of paper is a felted sheet of plant fibers. The technical definition is that paper is a web
consisting of cellulose fibers extracted from plants deposited from a water suspension and then
dried to form inter fiber hydrogen bonds.
How much paper is produced worldwide each year? What are the major grades produced?
✔Correct Answer-400 million tons of paper are produced worldwide each year. The major
grades produced are paperboard, tissue, uncoated free sheet, and containerboard
PAPER GRADES/PAPER PROPERTIES ✔Correct Answer-
What are the three broad categories of paper grades? What processes are used to make them?
What are the critical properties of each? ✔Correct Answer-The three main grades of paper
are printing and writing, paperboard, and tissue. printing and writing consists of adding finely
ground minerals to scatter the light and improve its capacity. It is used for printing and writing.
Paperboard is used for holding things like cups, boxes, linerboard, containers.
RAW MATERIAL/WOODYARD ✔Correct Answer-
Can you tell someone the facts about the nature of forests in the US and how they are being
used? ✔Correct Answer-Only 1/3 of trees in the US are used for papermaking. Tree growth
rates in the US exceed harvests by 40-70%. Most of the harvested forests are privately owned.
Most of the trees cut down each year are used for survival like fuel and farming and home
building.
, What is the basic physical and chemical structure of wood? ✔Correct Answer-Wood is made
up of three biopolymers. Cellulose is 50% (sugar, glucose), hemicellulose is 25% (hardwoods and
softwoods), and lignin is 25% (like glue). Wood is also made of softwoods, hardwoods,
springwoods, and mature woods.
What parts of wood do we value the most? ✔Correct Answer-The parts we value the most in
wood are the fibers which include xylem and phloem.
What happens to each part of wood in the pulping process? ✔Correct Answer-Xylem
conducts water from the roots to the leaves. Phloem conducts photosynthetic products from
the leaves to the roots.
If I showed you a cross-section of a tree, would you be able to explain the different things I'd see
there? ✔Correct Answer-Outer bark, inner bark, cambium, ray, heartwood, sapwood, annual
rings, pith (OICRHSAP)
Can you relate what nature puts into a tree (wood) to what we use in papermaking?
✔Correct Answer-Hardwood gives paper smoothness and printability. Softwood gives strength
and toughness to paper
If I gave you a diagram of the woodyard, could you name the major pieces of equipment and
explain what they are doing? Could you tell me the goals of each area? ✔Correct Answer-
Debarking Drum, disk chipper
Could you draw an accurate sketch of a modern woodyard, showing all the relevant process
steps/pieces of equipment and where all streams go? ✔Correct Answer-Purchased chips -
chip storage - screening - chip pile - digesters.
Roundwood - wood storage - debarking - chipping - screening - ship pile - digesters
PULPING ✔Correct Answer-
Can you help me understand the general goal of pulping? ✔Correct Answer-to liberate fibers
from wood or recycled paper
Can you explain the three major categories of pulping processes, how they are different, and
what products they are used to make? ✔Correct Answer-Mechanical pulping (removes no
lignin, cheap printing grades, newsprint), Semi0chemical pulping (removes some lignin,
corrugated medium), Chemical pulping (removes most lignin, highest quality and bleached
grades)
What are the broad categories of mechanical pulping, and how do they differ? ✔Correct
Answer-Refiner mechanical pulp (RMP) (shearing wood chips between grooved metal plates).
Stone groundwood (SGW) (pushing debarked logs against a grit covered rotating stone.
Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
What should you be able to say to an "uninformed" person about the industry as a whole?
✔Correct Answer-The paper industry is actually a very sustainable industry and we do not waste
trees. We plant more trees than we cut down.
How much "paper stuff" do we make/consume? How about the rest of the world? ✔Correct
Answer-US makes 18% of all paper. Rest of the world produces 400 million tons.
Describe how paper evolved...from its beginnings to the present ✔Correct Answer-Paper was
invented because of the need to communicate effectively and record history. They used to use
Papyrus and beat the stem of it and press it into thin layers. It then changed in china when they
took papyrus stems and filtered it through a piece of silk cloth. Made by hand until the
letterpress was invented by Gutenburg in 1450. In 1798 Robert invented the continuous paper
machine called the fourdrinier. Later Burgess and Watt discover the soda process of cooking
wood in lye. Now, there are huge paper mills that make paper.
What is the essential nature of paper? The technical definition? ✔Correct Answer-The simple
definition of paper is a felted sheet of plant fibers. The technical definition is that paper is a web
consisting of cellulose fibers extracted from plants deposited from a water suspension and then
dried to form inter fiber hydrogen bonds.
How much paper is produced worldwide each year? What are the major grades produced?
✔Correct Answer-400 million tons of paper are produced worldwide each year. The major
grades produced are paperboard, tissue, uncoated free sheet, and containerboard
PAPER GRADES/PAPER PROPERTIES ✔Correct Answer-
What are the three broad categories of paper grades? What processes are used to make them?
What are the critical properties of each? ✔Correct Answer-The three main grades of paper
are printing and writing, paperboard, and tissue. printing and writing consists of adding finely
ground minerals to scatter the light and improve its capacity. It is used for printing and writing.
Paperboard is used for holding things like cups, boxes, linerboard, containers.
RAW MATERIAL/WOODYARD ✔Correct Answer-
Can you tell someone the facts about the nature of forests in the US and how they are being
used? ✔Correct Answer-Only 1/3 of trees in the US are used for papermaking. Tree growth
rates in the US exceed harvests by 40-70%. Most of the harvested forests are privately owned.
Most of the trees cut down each year are used for survival like fuel and farming and home
building.
, What is the basic physical and chemical structure of wood? ✔Correct Answer-Wood is made
up of three biopolymers. Cellulose is 50% (sugar, glucose), hemicellulose is 25% (hardwoods and
softwoods), and lignin is 25% (like glue). Wood is also made of softwoods, hardwoods,
springwoods, and mature woods.
What parts of wood do we value the most? ✔Correct Answer-The parts we value the most in
wood are the fibers which include xylem and phloem.
What happens to each part of wood in the pulping process? ✔Correct Answer-Xylem
conducts water from the roots to the leaves. Phloem conducts photosynthetic products from
the leaves to the roots.
If I showed you a cross-section of a tree, would you be able to explain the different things I'd see
there? ✔Correct Answer-Outer bark, inner bark, cambium, ray, heartwood, sapwood, annual
rings, pith (OICRHSAP)
Can you relate what nature puts into a tree (wood) to what we use in papermaking?
✔Correct Answer-Hardwood gives paper smoothness and printability. Softwood gives strength
and toughness to paper
If I gave you a diagram of the woodyard, could you name the major pieces of equipment and
explain what they are doing? Could you tell me the goals of each area? ✔Correct Answer-
Debarking Drum, disk chipper
Could you draw an accurate sketch of a modern woodyard, showing all the relevant process
steps/pieces of equipment and where all streams go? ✔Correct Answer-Purchased chips -
chip storage - screening - chip pile - digesters.
Roundwood - wood storage - debarking - chipping - screening - ship pile - digesters
PULPING ✔Correct Answer-
Can you help me understand the general goal of pulping? ✔Correct Answer-to liberate fibers
from wood or recycled paper
Can you explain the three major categories of pulping processes, how they are different, and
what products they are used to make? ✔Correct Answer-Mechanical pulping (removes no
lignin, cheap printing grades, newsprint), Semi0chemical pulping (removes some lignin,
corrugated medium), Chemical pulping (removes most lignin, highest quality and bleached
grades)
What are the broad categories of mechanical pulping, and how do they differ? ✔Correct
Answer-Refiner mechanical pulp (RMP) (shearing wood chips between grooved metal plates).
Stone groundwood (SGW) (pushing debarked logs against a grit covered rotating stone.
