immediate anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type I
mast cell activation releases histamine
cytotoxic reaction (antibody dependent)
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type II antibody targeting antigens on cell surfaces
AI reactions or incorrect blood transfusions
immune complex reaction
antigen-antibody complexes, circulating immune complex lodges in a vessel wall
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type III
activation of complement system
rheumatoid arthritis
delayed cell-mediated
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type IV antigen-specific activated T-cells
contact dermatitis
exposed to antigen
picked up by dentritic cell
acts as an APC
Type I anaphylaxis - activation of Th2 cell & B cell presents to a naive T cell
becomes Th cell
becomes activated
provides IgE to B cells
B cells: plasma cells at this stage secrete lots of IgE
bind to surface of mast cell
Type I anaphylaxis - Mast cell sensitization
mast cell at this stage is sensitised to that antigen & ready to release substances next time it
encounters that antigen
sensitised mast cell comes into contact w/ antigen prev met
undergoes degranulation
this degranulation process releases histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
Type I anaphylaxis - Mast cell re-exposed to antigen & degranulation
lead to widespread vasodilation, bronchocontriction, increased vascular perm of endotheli-
um
= bronchospasm & wheeze
severe, potentially life-threatening gen allergic reaction characterised by rapidly developing
What is anaphylaxis?
symptoms & signs
body's immune system reacts inappropriately in response to the presence of a sub that it
What happens in anaphylaxis?
wrongly perceives as a threat
come on quickly
Types of anaphylactic reaction: Uniphasic symptoms get rapidly worse
once treated, symptoms go & don't return
reactions which may be mild or severe to start with, followed by a period of time where there
Types of anaphylactic reaction: Bi-phasic are no symptoms
then increasing symptoms w/ breathing & bp problems
- skin changes (redness/itching)
- mucosal changes (swelling below skin surface)
Symptoms & signs of anaphylaxis:
- swallowing & breathing diflculties (due to swollen mouth, throat or tongue), wheezing,
tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypotension
What is anaphylaxis characterised by? quick onset, rapid deterioration
- food (peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, fish, shellfish, diary products, eggs)
What can cause anaphylaxis?
- non-food (wasp/bee stings, natural latex/rubber, penicillin or other drugs/injection)
Causes of anaphylaxis in a dental practice: 1/4
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type I
mast cell activation releases histamine
cytotoxic reaction (antibody dependent)
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type II antibody targeting antigens on cell surfaces
AI reactions or incorrect blood transfusions
immune complex reaction
antigen-antibody complexes, circulating immune complex lodges in a vessel wall
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type III
activation of complement system
rheumatoid arthritis
delayed cell-mediated
Hypersensitivity reactions: Type IV antigen-specific activated T-cells
contact dermatitis
exposed to antigen
picked up by dentritic cell
acts as an APC
Type I anaphylaxis - activation of Th2 cell & B cell presents to a naive T cell
becomes Th cell
becomes activated
provides IgE to B cells
B cells: plasma cells at this stage secrete lots of IgE
bind to surface of mast cell
Type I anaphylaxis - Mast cell sensitization
mast cell at this stage is sensitised to that antigen & ready to release substances next time it
encounters that antigen
sensitised mast cell comes into contact w/ antigen prev met
undergoes degranulation
this degranulation process releases histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
Type I anaphylaxis - Mast cell re-exposed to antigen & degranulation
lead to widespread vasodilation, bronchocontriction, increased vascular perm of endotheli-
um
= bronchospasm & wheeze
severe, potentially life-threatening gen allergic reaction characterised by rapidly developing
What is anaphylaxis?
symptoms & signs
body's immune system reacts inappropriately in response to the presence of a sub that it
What happens in anaphylaxis?
wrongly perceives as a threat
come on quickly
Types of anaphylactic reaction: Uniphasic symptoms get rapidly worse
once treated, symptoms go & don't return
reactions which may be mild or severe to start with, followed by a period of time where there
Types of anaphylactic reaction: Bi-phasic are no symptoms
then increasing symptoms w/ breathing & bp problems
- skin changes (redness/itching)
- mucosal changes (swelling below skin surface)
Symptoms & signs of anaphylaxis:
- swallowing & breathing diflculties (due to swollen mouth, throat or tongue), wheezing,
tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypotension
What is anaphylaxis characterised by? quick onset, rapid deterioration
- food (peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, fish, shellfish, diary products, eggs)
What can cause anaphylaxis?
- non-food (wasp/bee stings, natural latex/rubber, penicillin or other drugs/injection)
Causes of anaphylaxis in a dental practice: 1/4
