BIOL 1322 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Complete 200-Question and answers

BIOL 1322 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Complete 200-Question and answers Section 1: Nutrition Fundamentals Question 1. What is the definition of nutrition? A. The study of how food tastes and is prepared B. The science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health C. The process of cooking and preserving food D. The study of agricultural food production Correct Answer: B Rationale: Nutrition is defined as the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health. Question 2. How many classes of nutrients are essential for human health? A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven Correct Answer: C Rationale: The six classes of essential nutrients are carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Question 3. Which of the following nutrients are classified as macronutrients? A. Vitamins and minerals B. Carbohydrates, fats, and protein C. Water and vitamins D. Minerals and protein Correct Answer: B Rationale: Macronutrients are required in gram amounts per day and include carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in milligram or microgram amounts. Question 4. Which nutrients yield energy and how much energy per gram does carbohydrate provide? A. 2 kcal per gram B. 4 kcal per gram C. 7 kcal per gram D. 9 kcal per gram Correct Answer: B Rationale: Carbohydrate provides 4 kcal per gram, protein provides 4 kcal per gram, fat provides 9 kcal per gram, and alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram (non-nutrient). Question 5. One gram of fat yields how many calories? A. 4 calories B. 7 calories C. 9 calories D. 11 calories Correct Answer: C Rationale: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 calories per gram. Question 6. One gram of protein yields how many calories? A. 2 calories B. 4 calories C. 7 calories D. 9 calories Correct Answer: B Rationale: Protein provides 4 calories per gram, the same as carbohydrate. Question 7. Alcohol provides how many calories per gram? A. 4 calories B. 7 calories C. 9 calories D. 0 calories Correct Answer: B Rationale: Alcohol is not a nutrient but provides 7 kcal per gram. Question 8. Which of the following is a micronutrient? A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Vitamin C D. Fat Correct Answer: C Rationale: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required in milligram or microgram amounts and do not yield energy. Question 9. Which of the following is NOT an energy-yielding nutrient? A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Fat D. Vitamin Correct Answer: D Rationale: Vitamins do not provide energy (calories). The energy-yielding nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Question 10. What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein? A. 5 to 15 percent of calories B. 10 to 35 percent of calories C. 20 to 40 percent of calories D. 45 to 65 percent of calories Correct Answer: B Rationale: According to the DRI, 10 to 35 percent of calories in a balanced diet should come from protein. PART 2 — NEW QUESTIONS Section 2: Macronutrients — Carbohydrates Question 11. What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates? A. 10 to 35 percent of calories B. 20 to 40 percent of calories C. 45 to 65 percent of calories D. 65 to 75 percent of calories Correct Answer: C Rationale: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65 percent of total daily calories, making carbohydrates the primary energy source in a balanced diet. Question 12. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? A. Build muscle tissue B. Provide the body’s main source of energy C. Regulate body temperature D. Store genetic information Correct Answer: B Rationale: Carbohydrates serve as the body’s primary and preferred source of energy, particularly for the brain and nervous system. Question 13. Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? A. Starch B. Fiber C. Glucose D. Glycogen Correct Answer: C Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide and is classified as a simple carbohydrate. Starch, fiber, and glycogen are complex carbohydrates. Question 14. Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Sucrose D. Starch Correct Answer: D Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide and is classified as a complex carbohydrate. Fructose, galactose, and sucrose are simple carbohydrates. Question 15. What is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans? A. Starch B. Cellulose C. Glycogen D. Sucrose Correct Answer: C Rationale: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans, stored primarily in the liver and muscles. Question 16. Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? A. Glucose B. Fructose C. Sucrose D. Galactose Correct Answer: C Rationale: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides. Question 17. Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar? A. Maltose B. Lactose C. Sucrose D. Glucose Correct Answer: C Rationale: Sucrose, composed of glucose and fructose, is commonly known as table sugar. Question 18. Which disaccharide is found in milk and dairy products? A. Sucrose B. Maltose C. Lactose D. Fructose Correct Answer: C Rationale: Lactose, composed of glucose and galactose, is the sugar found naturally in milk and dairy products. Question 19. Which of the following is a source of soluble fiber? A. Wheat bran B. Oatmeal C. Celery D. Brown rice Correct Answer: B Rationale: Oatmeal is a rich source of soluble fiber, which dissolves in water and can help lower blood cholesterol levels. Question 20. Which of the following is a source of insoluble fiber? A. Oatmeal B. Beans C. Wheat bran D. Apples Correct Answer: C Rationale: Wheat bran is a rich source of insoluble fiber, which adds bulk to stool and promotes digestive regularity. Question 21. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult women? A. 15 grams B. 21 grams C. 25 grams D. 38 grams Correct Answer: C Rationale: The recommended daily fiber intake is 25 grams for adult women and 38 grams for adult men. Question 22. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult men? A. 25 grams B. 30 grams C. 38 grams D. 45 grams Correct Answer: C Rationale: The recommended daily fiber intake is 38 grams for adult men and 25 grams for adult women.