Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology,
Ace your nursing or medical board exams with this complete study guide for the Final Exam
Advanced Pathophysiology. It features 159 clear questions and verified answers to help you master
complex disease processes, cellular changes, and clinical manifestations.
Key Features
• 159 comprehensive questions covering core advanced pathophysiology concepts.
• Verified, accurate answers to ensure you study the right material.
• Instant digital download available right after purchase.
• Perfect for busy students preparing for final exams or certification reviews.
Topics Covered
• Cellular biology and altered fluid/electrolyte balance.
• Genetic disorders and immune system dysfunctions.
• Neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory pathologies.
• Endocrine, renal, and gastrointestinal disease mechanisms.
Quiz_________________?
< 25% -
Answer✅
Symptomatic changes in chronic kidney disease including increased creatinine, urea and
potassium levels do not become apparant until renal function declines to:
a. 30%
1
, b. < 25%
c. 25%
d. 50%
Quiz_________________?
a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus -
Answer✅
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an
autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune
factors
Quiz_________________?
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum
postassium (K+) 2 mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he
has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?
A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular
space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic
alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis,
and electrolyte loss -
2
, Answer✅
Ans: B- decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and
osmotic diuresis
Quiz_________________?
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia,
pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is:
A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
B) the dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity -
Answer✅
Ans: C- hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
Quiz_________________?
A small kidney with decreased number of nephrons -
Answer✅
Hypoplastic kidney
Quiz_________________?
A- vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption -
Answer✅
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to
bruise and bleed easily?
A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
3
, B) bone marrow function depression
C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin)
Quiz_________________?
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity -
Answer✅
The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased in patients with: (Select 3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption
Quiz_________________?
acromegaly -
Answer✅
A 45 year-old female presents to your clinic with high blood pressure, increased body odor
and sweating that has become offensive to her family as well as difficulty sleeping due to a
feeling that her tongue is becoming larger and she feels like she has arthritis. She is
diagnosed as:
a. cushings disease
b. acromegaly
c. diabetes insipidus
d. DKA
4
Ace your nursing or medical board exams with this complete study guide for the Final Exam
Advanced Pathophysiology. It features 159 clear questions and verified answers to help you master
complex disease processes, cellular changes, and clinical manifestations.
Key Features
• 159 comprehensive questions covering core advanced pathophysiology concepts.
• Verified, accurate answers to ensure you study the right material.
• Instant digital download available right after purchase.
• Perfect for busy students preparing for final exams or certification reviews.
Topics Covered
• Cellular biology and altered fluid/electrolyte balance.
• Genetic disorders and immune system dysfunctions.
• Neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory pathologies.
• Endocrine, renal, and gastrointestinal disease mechanisms.
Quiz_________________?
< 25% -
Answer✅
Symptomatic changes in chronic kidney disease including increased creatinine, urea and
potassium levels do not become apparant until renal function declines to:
a. 30%
1
, b. < 25%
c. 25%
d. 50%
Quiz_________________?
a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus -
Answer✅
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an
autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune
factors
Quiz_________________?
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum
postassium (K+) 2 mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he
has been sick with the "flu" for a week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?
A) increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular
space
B) decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis
C) increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic
alkalosis
D) decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis,
and electrolyte loss -
2
, Answer✅
Ans: B- decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and
osmotic diuresis
Quiz_________________?
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia,
pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is:
A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
B) the dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity -
Answer✅
Ans: C- hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
Quiz_________________?
A small kidney with decreased number of nephrons -
Answer✅
Hypoplastic kidney
Quiz_________________?
A- vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption -
Answer✅
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to
bruise and bleed easily?
A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
3
, B) bone marrow function depression
C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin)
Quiz_________________?
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity -
Answer✅
The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased in patients with: (Select 3)
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypertension
c. obesity
d. liver disease
e. congenital heart defects
f. high alcohol consumption
Quiz_________________?
acromegaly -
Answer✅
A 45 year-old female presents to your clinic with high blood pressure, increased body odor
and sweating that has become offensive to her family as well as difficulty sleeping due to a
feeling that her tongue is becoming larger and she feels like she has arthritis. She is
diagnosed as:
a. cushings disease
b. acromegaly
c. diabetes insipidus
d. DKA
4
