APHR FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Professional Certification - ANSWER based on work experience, education, and require re-
certification
Certificate Program - ANSWER Does not require work experience, education, or re-certification
The Clayton Act (1914) - ANSWER prohibits mergers and acquisitions that would less competition, a
single person cannot be a director of two or more competing corporations, and restricts use of
injunctions against labor, and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968) - ANSWER Limits the amount of wages that can be
garnished or withheld in any one week and prohibits employee dismissal because of garnishments.
The Copeland "Anti-Kickback" Act (1934) - ANSWER Precludes a federal contractor or subcontractor
from inducing an employee to give up any part of their wages to the employers for the benefit of
having a job.
The Copyright Act (1976) - ANSWER Protection of "original works" for authors so others may not
print, duplicate, distribute, or sell their work.
The Copyright Terms Extension (1998) - ANSWER Further extended copyright protection to the
duration of the author's life plus 70 years for general copyrights and to 95 years for works made for
hire and works copyrighted before 1978.
The Davis-Bacon Act (1931) - ANSWER Requires contractors and subcontractors working on federal
government construction projects ($2000+) to pay their employees "prevailing wages". Only applies
to laborers and mechanics. Allows trainees and apprentices to be paid less.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) - ANSWER Regulates the
financial markets and protects consumers. Includes a non-binding vote for stakeholders on executive
compensation, golden parachutes, and return of executive compensation based on inaccurate
financial statements.
,The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) (2001) - ANSWER Adjust pension
vesting schedules, increasing retirement plan limits, permitting pretax catch-up contributions by
participants older than 50.
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (1986) - ANSWER Provides rules for access, use,
disclosure, interpretation, and privacy protections of electronic communications, and they provide
the possibility of both civil and criminal penalties for violations. Ex: monitoring employee emails,
messages, recording calls, and cameras in the workplace. The employer needs to give proper notice.
Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988) - ANSWER Federal law that prohibits the use or suggestion
of lie detector tests in most employment situations
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) (1974) - ANSWER sets minimum standards for
most voluntarily established retirement and health plans in private industry to provide protection for
individuals in these plans.
The Equal Pay Act (1963) - ANSWER An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires
equal pay for men and women doing equal work.
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012) - ANSWER Includes measures that amend the Railway
Labor Act to change union certification election processes in the railroad and airline industries and
impose greater oversight of the regulatory activities of the National Mediation Board. Requires a
Government Accountability Office (GAO) review and audit of NMB operations every 2 years.
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003) - ANSWER Amendments to the Fair
Credit Reporting Act to provide financial privacy of employees and job applicants. Requirements in
third part investigations of employee misconduct charges.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (1970) - ANSWER This law protects consumers against
inaccurate credit reporting and requires lenders and creditors to correct errors. It permits consumer
credit reporting agencies to issue credit reports to users only for specified purposes and only under
certain circumstances, requires creditors to inform the consumer if credit has been denied because
of information on the consumer's credit report (and also gives consumers the right to the source of
such information), and provides the consumer with mechanisms by which to request a copy of his or
her credit report and to challenge information contained therein.
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938) - ANSWER This federal law covers employers engaged in
interstate commerce, regulates child labor, maximum hours, and minimum wages. The law, among
other things, specifically prohibits children under the age of 14 from most types of work, making
,exceptions for, e.g., lawn care, newspaper delivery, and entertainment, and restricts the employment
of children between the ages of 15-18 in various ways. It also requires employers to pay employees
who agree to work more than 40 hours per week no less than one and a half (1½) times their regular
pay for all hours over 40.
FLSA: Record Keeping - ANSWER • Personal information
• Hour & day work week begins
• Total hours worked per work day & per work week
• Regular hourly pay rate for any week involving overtime
• Total overtime pay for work week
• Deductions from or addition to wages
• Total wages paid each pay period
• Date of payment and pay period covered
Child Labor Provisions - ANSWER Limits hours of work for minors under 16 and lists hazardous
occupations too dangerous for them
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (1997) - ANSWER Prohibits American companies from making
corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996) - ANSWER Ensures that
individuals who leave/lose their jobs can obtain health coverage even if they or someone in their
family has a serious illness, injury, or pregnant. It allows people to change jobs without loss of
coverage.
The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (1952) - ANSWER Fundamental body of US immigration
law. Provisions apply to all employers. Addresses employment eligibility and employment
verification; defines the conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the US
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 - ANSWER Federal law requiring employers to verify and
maintain records on applicants' legal rights to work in the United States
The IRS Intermediate Sanctions (2002) - ANSWER Provides guidelines regarding the determination of
reasonable compensation for executives of nonprofit organizations; allows the IRS to impose
penalties when it determines that top officials have received excessive compensation from their
organizations
, The Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA) - ANSWER Act that provides balance of power
between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices;
also known as Taft-Hartley Act.
The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act - ANSWER A federal law enacted in 1959 that
established a system of reporting and checks intended to uncover and prevent fraud and corruption
among union officials by regulating internal operating procedures and union matters. Also known as
Landrum-Griffin Act.
The Mine Safety and Health Act (1977) - ANSWER Established mandatory mine safety and health
standards and created MSHA, brought all coal, metal, and non metal operations together.
National Industrial Recovery Act - ANSWER A New Deal legislation that focused on the employment
of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the
economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain
the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA.
National Labor Relations Act - ANSWER A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees
workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and
created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act - ANSWER A law enacted in 2000 requiring employers to
identify, evaluate, and introduce safer medical devices to avoid needlesticks
Norris-LaGuardia Act - ANSWER Act that guarantees workers' right to organize and restricts issuance
of court injunctions against nonviolent union activity such as strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) - ANSWER Created to protect worker and health. Its
main aim was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from
dangers to their safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels,
mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) - ANSWER Reduces compensation limits in qualified
retirement programs and triggers increased activity in non-qualified retirement programs.
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Professional Certification - ANSWER based on work experience, education, and require re-
certification
Certificate Program - ANSWER Does not require work experience, education, or re-certification
The Clayton Act (1914) - ANSWER prohibits mergers and acquisitions that would less competition, a
single person cannot be a director of two or more competing corporations, and restricts use of
injunctions against labor, and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968) - ANSWER Limits the amount of wages that can be
garnished or withheld in any one week and prohibits employee dismissal because of garnishments.
The Copeland "Anti-Kickback" Act (1934) - ANSWER Precludes a federal contractor or subcontractor
from inducing an employee to give up any part of their wages to the employers for the benefit of
having a job.
The Copyright Act (1976) - ANSWER Protection of "original works" for authors so others may not
print, duplicate, distribute, or sell their work.
The Copyright Terms Extension (1998) - ANSWER Further extended copyright protection to the
duration of the author's life plus 70 years for general copyrights and to 95 years for works made for
hire and works copyrighted before 1978.
The Davis-Bacon Act (1931) - ANSWER Requires contractors and subcontractors working on federal
government construction projects ($2000+) to pay their employees "prevailing wages". Only applies
to laborers and mechanics. Allows trainees and apprentices to be paid less.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) - ANSWER Regulates the
financial markets and protects consumers. Includes a non-binding vote for stakeholders on executive
compensation, golden parachutes, and return of executive compensation based on inaccurate
financial statements.
,The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) (2001) - ANSWER Adjust pension
vesting schedules, increasing retirement plan limits, permitting pretax catch-up contributions by
participants older than 50.
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (1986) - ANSWER Provides rules for access, use,
disclosure, interpretation, and privacy protections of electronic communications, and they provide
the possibility of both civil and criminal penalties for violations. Ex: monitoring employee emails,
messages, recording calls, and cameras in the workplace. The employer needs to give proper notice.
Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988) - ANSWER Federal law that prohibits the use or suggestion
of lie detector tests in most employment situations
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) (1974) - ANSWER sets minimum standards for
most voluntarily established retirement and health plans in private industry to provide protection for
individuals in these plans.
The Equal Pay Act (1963) - ANSWER An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires
equal pay for men and women doing equal work.
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012) - ANSWER Includes measures that amend the Railway
Labor Act to change union certification election processes in the railroad and airline industries and
impose greater oversight of the regulatory activities of the National Mediation Board. Requires a
Government Accountability Office (GAO) review and audit of NMB operations every 2 years.
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003) - ANSWER Amendments to the Fair
Credit Reporting Act to provide financial privacy of employees and job applicants. Requirements in
third part investigations of employee misconduct charges.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (1970) - ANSWER This law protects consumers against
inaccurate credit reporting and requires lenders and creditors to correct errors. It permits consumer
credit reporting agencies to issue credit reports to users only for specified purposes and only under
certain circumstances, requires creditors to inform the consumer if credit has been denied because
of information on the consumer's credit report (and also gives consumers the right to the source of
such information), and provides the consumer with mechanisms by which to request a copy of his or
her credit report and to challenge information contained therein.
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938) - ANSWER This federal law covers employers engaged in
interstate commerce, regulates child labor, maximum hours, and minimum wages. The law, among
other things, specifically prohibits children under the age of 14 from most types of work, making
,exceptions for, e.g., lawn care, newspaper delivery, and entertainment, and restricts the employment
of children between the ages of 15-18 in various ways. It also requires employers to pay employees
who agree to work more than 40 hours per week no less than one and a half (1½) times their regular
pay for all hours over 40.
FLSA: Record Keeping - ANSWER • Personal information
• Hour & day work week begins
• Total hours worked per work day & per work week
• Regular hourly pay rate for any week involving overtime
• Total overtime pay for work week
• Deductions from or addition to wages
• Total wages paid each pay period
• Date of payment and pay period covered
Child Labor Provisions - ANSWER Limits hours of work for minors under 16 and lists hazardous
occupations too dangerous for them
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (1997) - ANSWER Prohibits American companies from making
corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996) - ANSWER Ensures that
individuals who leave/lose their jobs can obtain health coverage even if they or someone in their
family has a serious illness, injury, or pregnant. It allows people to change jobs without loss of
coverage.
The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (1952) - ANSWER Fundamental body of US immigration
law. Provisions apply to all employers. Addresses employment eligibility and employment
verification; defines the conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the US
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 - ANSWER Federal law requiring employers to verify and
maintain records on applicants' legal rights to work in the United States
The IRS Intermediate Sanctions (2002) - ANSWER Provides guidelines regarding the determination of
reasonable compensation for executives of nonprofit organizations; allows the IRS to impose
penalties when it determines that top officials have received excessive compensation from their
organizations
, The Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA) - ANSWER Act that provides balance of power
between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices;
also known as Taft-Hartley Act.
The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act - ANSWER A federal law enacted in 1959 that
established a system of reporting and checks intended to uncover and prevent fraud and corruption
among union officials by regulating internal operating procedures and union matters. Also known as
Landrum-Griffin Act.
The Mine Safety and Health Act (1977) - ANSWER Established mandatory mine safety and health
standards and created MSHA, brought all coal, metal, and non metal operations together.
National Industrial Recovery Act - ANSWER A New Deal legislation that focused on the employment
of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the
economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain
the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA.
National Labor Relations Act - ANSWER A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees
workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and
created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act - ANSWER A law enacted in 2000 requiring employers to
identify, evaluate, and introduce safer medical devices to avoid needlesticks
Norris-LaGuardia Act - ANSWER Act that guarantees workers' right to organize and restricts issuance
of court injunctions against nonviolent union activity such as strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) - ANSWER Created to protect worker and health. Its
main aim was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from
dangers to their safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels,
mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) - ANSWER Reduces compensation limits in qualified
retirement programs and triggers increased activity in non-qualified retirement programs.
