Nightingale College BSN 315 Exam 2 (pdf) | 2026/2027 | HESI Pharm
V1 Q&A |
1. A client receiving warfarin is admitted with a major bleeding episode.
Which medication should the nurse expect to be ordered immediately?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Protamine sulfate
C) Vitamin K (phytonadione)
D) Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) only
Correct Answer: Vitamin K (phytonadione)
Rationale: Vitamin K is the specific antidote that reverses the anticoagulant
effects of warfarin. In cases of major bleeding, IV vitamin K is administered,
often in conjunction with FFP or prothrombin complex concentrate to rapidly
replace clotting factors.
2. The nurse is preparing to administer furosemide (Lasix) to a client with
congestive heart failure. Which assessment finding is most important to
check before giving the dose?
A) Blood glucose
B) Serum potassium
C) Respiratory rate
D) Liver enzymes
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant
hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion. Monitoring serum potassium
levels before and during therapy is essential to prevent complications like
cardiac arrhythmias.
,3. A client is receiving digoxin for heart failure. Which finding should the
nurse report as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
A) Yellow-tinged vision
B) Hyperactivity
C) Increased appetite
D) Tachycardia
Correct Answer: Yellow-tinged vision
Rationale: Visual disturbances, such as yellow-green halos or blurred vision,
are classic and serious signs of digoxin toxicity. Other signs include nausea,
vomiting, and bradycardia.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril to a client. Which lab value
should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum magnesium
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum potassium
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause potassium retention,
potentially leading to hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium is crucial to
prevent life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
5. Which medication is considered the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
,B) Protamine sulfate
C) Acetylcysteine
D) Flumazenil
Correct Answer: Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the specific pharmacological antagonist used
to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin. It binds to heparin to form a
stable, inactive complex.
6. A client prescribed furosemide for pulmonary edema should be monitored
for which electrolyte imbalance?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypernatremia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of
potassium, leading to hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance can have
serious cardiac consequences and requires diligent monitoring.
7. A client on insulin glargine (Lantus) asks why they take it at night. The
nurse's best response is:
A) "It's rapid-acting and controls after meals."
B) "It's long-acting and provides basal insulin for 24 hours."
C) "It prevents hypoglycemia overnight only."
D) "It only works if taken on an empty stomach."
, Correct Answer: "It's long-acting and provides basal insulin for 24 hours."
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin that provides a
steady, peakless level of insulin for approximately 24 hours. It is typically
administered once daily to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
8. The nurse is teaching a client about a new prescription for warfarin. Which
instruction should be included?
A) Increase intake of dark green leafy vegetables
B) Use a firm-bristled toothbrush
C) Take aspirin for minor headaches
D) Carry a medical alert identification
Correct Answer: Carry a medical alert identification
Rationale: Clients on anticoagulants like warfarin are at increased risk for
bleeding. Carrying medical identification ensures that emergency personnel
are aware of this therapy, which is critical for proper management in an
emergency.
9. A client is prescribed a statin medication. Which laboratory test should the
nurse monitor to detect potential hepatotoxicity?
A) Serum creatinine
B) Liver function tests (LFTs)
C) Serum potassium
D) Complete blood count (CBC)
Correct Answer: Liver function tests (LFTs)
V1 Q&A |
1. A client receiving warfarin is admitted with a major bleeding episode.
Which medication should the nurse expect to be ordered immediately?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Protamine sulfate
C) Vitamin K (phytonadione)
D) Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) only
Correct Answer: Vitamin K (phytonadione)
Rationale: Vitamin K is the specific antidote that reverses the anticoagulant
effects of warfarin. In cases of major bleeding, IV vitamin K is administered,
often in conjunction with FFP or prothrombin complex concentrate to rapidly
replace clotting factors.
2. The nurse is preparing to administer furosemide (Lasix) to a client with
congestive heart failure. Which assessment finding is most important to
check before giving the dose?
A) Blood glucose
B) Serum potassium
C) Respiratory rate
D) Liver enzymes
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant
hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion. Monitoring serum potassium
levels before and during therapy is essential to prevent complications like
cardiac arrhythmias.
,3. A client is receiving digoxin for heart failure. Which finding should the
nurse report as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
A) Yellow-tinged vision
B) Hyperactivity
C) Increased appetite
D) Tachycardia
Correct Answer: Yellow-tinged vision
Rationale: Visual disturbances, such as yellow-green halos or blurred vision,
are classic and serious signs of digoxin toxicity. Other signs include nausea,
vomiting, and bradycardia.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril to a client. Which lab value
should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum magnesium
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum potassium
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause potassium retention,
potentially leading to hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium is crucial to
prevent life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
5. Which medication is considered the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
,B) Protamine sulfate
C) Acetylcysteine
D) Flumazenil
Correct Answer: Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the specific pharmacological antagonist used
to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin. It binds to heparin to form a
stable, inactive complex.
6. A client prescribed furosemide for pulmonary edema should be monitored
for which electrolyte imbalance?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypernatremia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of
potassium, leading to hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance can have
serious cardiac consequences and requires diligent monitoring.
7. A client on insulin glargine (Lantus) asks why they take it at night. The
nurse's best response is:
A) "It's rapid-acting and controls after meals."
B) "It's long-acting and provides basal insulin for 24 hours."
C) "It prevents hypoglycemia overnight only."
D) "It only works if taken on an empty stomach."
, Correct Answer: "It's long-acting and provides basal insulin for 24 hours."
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin that provides a
steady, peakless level of insulin for approximately 24 hours. It is typically
administered once daily to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
8. The nurse is teaching a client about a new prescription for warfarin. Which
instruction should be included?
A) Increase intake of dark green leafy vegetables
B) Use a firm-bristled toothbrush
C) Take aspirin for minor headaches
D) Carry a medical alert identification
Correct Answer: Carry a medical alert identification
Rationale: Clients on anticoagulants like warfarin are at increased risk for
bleeding. Carrying medical identification ensures that emergency personnel
are aware of this therapy, which is critical for proper management in an
emergency.
9. A client is prescribed a statin medication. Which laboratory test should the
nurse monitor to detect potential hepatotoxicity?
A) Serum creatinine
B) Liver function tests (LFTs)
C) Serum potassium
D) Complete blood count (CBC)
Correct Answer: Liver function tests (LFTs)
