ATI Pediatrics: Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunization Schedule
2026/2027 Questions |Answers |Rationales
1. A nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of a vaccine to a newborn.
Which vaccine should be administered at birth?
A. Hepatitis B
B. MMR
C. Rotavirus
D. Hib
Answer: A
Rationale: The Hepatitis B vaccine is the only vaccine typically administered at birth
before the infant leaves the hospital.
2. A child is diagnosed with measles (rubeola). Which type of isolation
precautions should the nurse implement?
A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Standard precautions only
Answer: A
Rationale: Measles is highly contagious and requires airborne precautions, including a
negative-pressure room and an N95 respirator.
,3. A mother reports that her school-aged child has a ‘slapped-cheek’ appearance
and a lacy rash on the trunk. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Fifth disease
B. Roseola
C. Scarlet fever
D. Varicella
Answer: A
Rationale: Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is characterized by a distinctive ‘slapped-
cheek’ facial rash followed by a maculopapular lacy rash on the extremities and trunk.
4. Which vaccine is administered via the oral route?
A. Rotavirus
B. PCV13
C. IPV
D. DTaP
Answer: A
Rationale: The Rotavirus vaccine is unique among the standard infant vaccines because it
is administered orally as a liquid.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with infectious
mononucleosis. Which instruction is most important?
A. Administer aspirin for fever management.
B. Avoid all contact sports for several weeks.
C. Maintain strict bed rest for one month.
D. Limit fluid intake to prevent edema.
Answer: B
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis can cause splenomegaly. Patients must avoid contact
sports to prevent the risk of splenic rupture.
, 6. At which age should a child receive the first dose of the MMR vaccine?
A. 12-15 months
B. 6 months
C. 2 months
D. 4-6 years
Answer: A
Rationale: The first dose of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is typically
administered between 12 and 15 months of age.
7. A child has a high fever for 3 days, followed by the sudden appearance of a
pink, maculopapular rash as the fever breaks. This describes:
A. Mumps
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Measles
Answer: B
Rationale: Roseola infantum (Exanthem Subitum) is classic for a high fever that resolves
abruptly just as a rash appears.
8. Which finding is a hallmark sign of mumps?
A. Koplik spots
B. Strawberry tongue
C. Pruritic vesicles
D. Parotitis
Answer: D
Rationale: Mumps is characterized by parotitis, which is the swelling of the parotid
salivary glands.
2026/2027 Questions |Answers |Rationales
1. A nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of a vaccine to a newborn.
Which vaccine should be administered at birth?
A. Hepatitis B
B. MMR
C. Rotavirus
D. Hib
Answer: A
Rationale: The Hepatitis B vaccine is the only vaccine typically administered at birth
before the infant leaves the hospital.
2. A child is diagnosed with measles (rubeola). Which type of isolation
precautions should the nurse implement?
A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Standard precautions only
Answer: A
Rationale: Measles is highly contagious and requires airborne precautions, including a
negative-pressure room and an N95 respirator.
,3. A mother reports that her school-aged child has a ‘slapped-cheek’ appearance
and a lacy rash on the trunk. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Fifth disease
B. Roseola
C. Scarlet fever
D. Varicella
Answer: A
Rationale: Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is characterized by a distinctive ‘slapped-
cheek’ facial rash followed by a maculopapular lacy rash on the extremities and trunk.
4. Which vaccine is administered via the oral route?
A. Rotavirus
B. PCV13
C. IPV
D. DTaP
Answer: A
Rationale: The Rotavirus vaccine is unique among the standard infant vaccines because it
is administered orally as a liquid.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with infectious
mononucleosis. Which instruction is most important?
A. Administer aspirin for fever management.
B. Avoid all contact sports for several weeks.
C. Maintain strict bed rest for one month.
D. Limit fluid intake to prevent edema.
Answer: B
Rationale: Infectious mononucleosis can cause splenomegaly. Patients must avoid contact
sports to prevent the risk of splenic rupture.
, 6. At which age should a child receive the first dose of the MMR vaccine?
A. 12-15 months
B. 6 months
C. 2 months
D. 4-6 years
Answer: A
Rationale: The first dose of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is typically
administered between 12 and 15 months of age.
7. A child has a high fever for 3 days, followed by the sudden appearance of a
pink, maculopapular rash as the fever breaks. This describes:
A. Mumps
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Measles
Answer: B
Rationale: Roseola infantum (Exanthem Subitum) is classic for a high fever that resolves
abruptly just as a rash appears.
8. Which finding is a hallmark sign of mumps?
A. Koplik spots
B. Strawberry tongue
C. Pruritic vesicles
D. Parotitis
Answer: D
Rationale: Mumps is characterized by parotitis, which is the swelling of the parotid
salivary glands.
