NURS 231/NURS231 Module 3 V3 |
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale | Portage
Learning
1. Which of the following describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Decrease in vascular permeability to prevent fluid loss.
B. Vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation.
C. Migration of leukocytes into the interstitial space.
D. Decrease in capillary osmotic pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The vascular phase of acute inflammation begins with a momentary
vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation of the arterioles and venules. This increase
in blood flow causes the characteristic redness and warmth associated with the
inflammatory response. The increased capillary permeability allows protein-rich fluid to
move into the extravascular spaces, contributing to edema.
2. A patient has a large surgical wound that is left open to heal by the formation of
granulation tissue. This is known as:
A. Primary intention
B. Delayed closure
C. Tertiary intention
,D. Secondary intention
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Healing by secondary intention occurs when there is a significant loss of
tissue or when the wound edges cannot be approximated. This process involves the
formation of granulation tissue, which consists of new capillaries and fibroblasts, filling the
gap from the bottom up. Because of the larger tissue gap, this process takes longer and
results in more prominent scar tissue than primary intention.
3. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the rapid vasodilation and increased
capillary permeability seen in early inflammation?
A. Cytokines
B. Leukotrienes
C. Histamine
D. Interferons
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Histamine is one of the first mediators released during the inflammatory
response, primarily by mast cells located near blood vessels. It acts immediately to produce
vasodilation and increase the permeability of the capillaries, allowing fluid and cells to
enter the injured site. Its effects are potent but relatively short-lived compared to other
mediators like leukotrienes.
, 4. Which type of exudate is characterized by a high concentration of red blood cells due to
significant capillary damage?
A. Serous exudate
B. Hemorrhagic exudate
C. Purulent exudate
D. Fibrinous exudate
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hemorrhagic exudate occurs when there is severe tissue injury that causes
damage to the blood vessels or significant leakage of red blood cells from the capillaries.
Unlike serous fluid, which is watery and low in protein, hemorrhagic exudate is bloody in
appearance. This type of drainage is typically seen in areas of intense inflammation or
trauma.
5. During the cellular phase of inflammation, which process describes the movement of
leukocytes toward the site of injury in response to a chemical gradient?
A. Margination
B. Chemotaxis
C. Emigration
D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale | Portage
Learning
1. Which of the following describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Decrease in vascular permeability to prevent fluid loss.
B. Vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation.
C. Migration of leukocytes into the interstitial space.
D. Decrease in capillary osmotic pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The vascular phase of acute inflammation begins with a momentary
vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation of the arterioles and venules. This increase
in blood flow causes the characteristic redness and warmth associated with the
inflammatory response. The increased capillary permeability allows protein-rich fluid to
move into the extravascular spaces, contributing to edema.
2. A patient has a large surgical wound that is left open to heal by the formation of
granulation tissue. This is known as:
A. Primary intention
B. Delayed closure
C. Tertiary intention
,D. Secondary intention
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Healing by secondary intention occurs when there is a significant loss of
tissue or when the wound edges cannot be approximated. This process involves the
formation of granulation tissue, which consists of new capillaries and fibroblasts, filling the
gap from the bottom up. Because of the larger tissue gap, this process takes longer and
results in more prominent scar tissue than primary intention.
3. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the rapid vasodilation and increased
capillary permeability seen in early inflammation?
A. Cytokines
B. Leukotrienes
C. Histamine
D. Interferons
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Histamine is one of the first mediators released during the inflammatory
response, primarily by mast cells located near blood vessels. It acts immediately to produce
vasodilation and increase the permeability of the capillaries, allowing fluid and cells to
enter the injured site. Its effects are potent but relatively short-lived compared to other
mediators like leukotrienes.
, 4. Which type of exudate is characterized by a high concentration of red blood cells due to
significant capillary damage?
A. Serous exudate
B. Hemorrhagic exudate
C. Purulent exudate
D. Fibrinous exudate
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hemorrhagic exudate occurs when there is severe tissue injury that causes
damage to the blood vessels or significant leakage of red blood cells from the capillaries.
Unlike serous fluid, which is watery and low in protein, hemorrhagic exudate is bloody in
appearance. This type of drainage is typically seen in areas of intense inflammation or
trauma.
5. During the cellular phase of inflammation, which process describes the movement of
leukocytes toward the site of injury in response to a chemical gradient?
A. Margination
B. Chemotaxis
C. Emigration
D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B
