barbiturates, the main class of injectable general anesthetics used globally for several
decades, have been replaced with safer drugs
Give this one a try later!
- propofol
- phencyclidines (ex. ketamine)
positive schizophrenia symptoms
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, - initial symptoms
- hallucinations, paranoia, delusions
- symptoms often treatable with antipsychotic drugs
- easy identify
Astrocytes
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- support cells in CNS (for neuron function)
- brain component of BBB
blood brain barrier (BBB)
Give this one a try later!
- endothelial cells bound together with tight junctions (TJ's) and astrocytes
- some drugs cannot pass through or between tight cells of BB
- transport occurs primarily via passive diffusion
- diffusion dependent on drug lipid solubility and pKa (Small molecules &
lipid soluble molecules)
properties and uses of opioids
Give this one a try later!
- can stim. Rs maximally (full agonist) or weakly (partial agonist)
- some are agonists at some Rs and antagonists at others (mixed
agonist/antagonist)
, - because they can competitively block the action of full agonists, partial
agonist sometimes called (partial agonist/antagonist)
Phencyclidine's mechanism of action
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- NMD receptor blockade (major excitatory NT receptor in brain)
- also inhibits GABA receptors -> CNS overstim., possibly in central SNS
pathways -> CVS effects
- stimulates sigma opioid receptors (accounts for some of adverse effects)
- fairly high TI (>10) - ^ safe
newer classes of antidepressants
Give this one a try later!
include serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) NE reuptake inhibitors
(NRIs), 5HT receptor agonists or antagonists and atypical agents
if you administer 1% of sevoflurane in the alveolus with a blood:gas partition
coefficient of 0.68 how much will be in the blood and brain
Give this one a try later!
0.68%
, CNS effects of phencyclidins
Give this one a try later!
- pseudo-unconsciousness
- produces some degree of analgesia
- hypothermia (hyperthermia if not pre medicated)
- changes in mentation: mood, floating sensation, vivid dreams &
hallucinations, affect 10% of adults (rare in under 15 or over 65) typically
disappear when awakened
- premed with benzodiazepine reduces/abolishes this "emergence
delirium" producing effects similar to other induction agents
the local anesthetics we use today are derivatives of:
Give this one a try later!
- cocaine
- that do not produce euphoria
endogenous _______ have been discovered to bind to same site as benzodiazepines but
produce more focussed effects in brain b/c they are released _____ in small quantities
(Body can alleviate anxiety to an extent
Give this one a try later!
- endozepines
- locally
decades, have been replaced with safer drugs
Give this one a try later!
- propofol
- phencyclidines (ex. ketamine)
positive schizophrenia symptoms
Give this one a try later!
, - initial symptoms
- hallucinations, paranoia, delusions
- symptoms often treatable with antipsychotic drugs
- easy identify
Astrocytes
Give this one a try later!
- support cells in CNS (for neuron function)
- brain component of BBB
blood brain barrier (BBB)
Give this one a try later!
- endothelial cells bound together with tight junctions (TJ's) and astrocytes
- some drugs cannot pass through or between tight cells of BB
- transport occurs primarily via passive diffusion
- diffusion dependent on drug lipid solubility and pKa (Small molecules &
lipid soluble molecules)
properties and uses of opioids
Give this one a try later!
- can stim. Rs maximally (full agonist) or weakly (partial agonist)
- some are agonists at some Rs and antagonists at others (mixed
agonist/antagonist)
, - because they can competitively block the action of full agonists, partial
agonist sometimes called (partial agonist/antagonist)
Phencyclidine's mechanism of action
Give this one a try later!
- NMD receptor blockade (major excitatory NT receptor in brain)
- also inhibits GABA receptors -> CNS overstim., possibly in central SNS
pathways -> CVS effects
- stimulates sigma opioid receptors (accounts for some of adverse effects)
- fairly high TI (>10) - ^ safe
newer classes of antidepressants
Give this one a try later!
include serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) NE reuptake inhibitors
(NRIs), 5HT receptor agonists or antagonists and atypical agents
if you administer 1% of sevoflurane in the alveolus with a blood:gas partition
coefficient of 0.68 how much will be in the blood and brain
Give this one a try later!
0.68%
, CNS effects of phencyclidins
Give this one a try later!
- pseudo-unconsciousness
- produces some degree of analgesia
- hypothermia (hyperthermia if not pre medicated)
- changes in mentation: mood, floating sensation, vivid dreams &
hallucinations, affect 10% of adults (rare in under 15 or over 65) typically
disappear when awakened
- premed with benzodiazepine reduces/abolishes this "emergence
delirium" producing effects similar to other induction agents
the local anesthetics we use today are derivatives of:
Give this one a try later!
- cocaine
- that do not produce euphoria
endogenous _______ have been discovered to bind to same site as benzodiazepines but
produce more focussed effects in brain b/c they are released _____ in small quantities
(Body can alleviate anxiety to an extent
Give this one a try later!
- endozepines
- locally
