PHIL 101 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔W.T. Stace argued against hard determinism by claiming that _______. - ✔✔We
cannot help but speaking in terms of free will
✔✔Libertarians believe that _______. - ✔✔We have free will
✔✔Indeterminism says that _______. - ✔✔Events are undetermined
✔✔Moritz Schlick argued that the will is free when it _______. - ✔✔Does not act under
outside compulsion
✔✔William James thought that we decide freely when _______. - ✔✔Our passions
determine our decisions
✔✔William James argued that since we can regret things that happened, _______. -
✔✔It must be possible for things to have turned out otherwise
✔✔Unlike the hard determinists, Jean-Paul Sartre thought that _______. - ✔✔Our
actions are determined completely by ourselves
✔✔Existentialism is the belief that _______. - ✔✔We are responsible for our existence
✔✔The feminist perspective on free will says that we are only free _______. - ✔✔When
people are not trying to constrain us
✔✔ metaphysics - ✔✔The study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence
✔✔epistemology - ✔✔The study of knowledge, identifying and developing criteria and
methodologies for what we know and why we know it
, ✔✔ethics - ✔✔The study of moral values or principles, it is concerned with
distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human
actions, and between virtuous and nonvirtuous characteristics of people
✔✔aesthetics - ✔✔This involves the study of beauty and art, analyzing the efforts to
establish standards for beauty in all of its various manifestations
✔✔logic - ✔✔Use and study of valid reasoning
✔✔determinism - ✔✔The view that every event, including human actions is brought
about by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws that govern the
world. Human freedom is an illusion.
✔✔compatibilism - ✔✔The view that all events, including human actions, are caused.
However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of internal
motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints.
✔✔indeterminism - ✔✔The view that some events, including human actions, are not
necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws.
✔✔libertarianism - ✔✔The view that humans are able to make authentically free
choices that are not determined by previous events in accordance with universal casual
laws, that there is a meaningful sense that though we made one choice, we "could have
done otherwise."
✔✔material cause - ✔✔The "matter" of which a thing is made
✔✔formal cause - ✔✔The embedded form that gives shape and purpose to the "matter"
✔✔efficient cause - ✔✔The "triggering" action that sets the thing in motion
✔✔final cause - ✔✔The ultimate purpose for which a thing exists
✔✔Socrates - ✔✔The self is an immortal soul that exists over time
✔✔Descartes - ✔✔The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body. Physical body
(material, moral, and nonthinking) and immortal, nonmaterial self, governed by God's
will and reason
✔✔Locke - ✔✔Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness. Personal
identity and the immortal soul are two different entities.
✔✔Hume - ✔✔There is no "self", only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions
passing through the theater of our minds.
✔✔W.T. Stace argued against hard determinism by claiming that _______. - ✔✔We
cannot help but speaking in terms of free will
✔✔Libertarians believe that _______. - ✔✔We have free will
✔✔Indeterminism says that _______. - ✔✔Events are undetermined
✔✔Moritz Schlick argued that the will is free when it _______. - ✔✔Does not act under
outside compulsion
✔✔William James thought that we decide freely when _______. - ✔✔Our passions
determine our decisions
✔✔William James argued that since we can regret things that happened, _______. -
✔✔It must be possible for things to have turned out otherwise
✔✔Unlike the hard determinists, Jean-Paul Sartre thought that _______. - ✔✔Our
actions are determined completely by ourselves
✔✔Existentialism is the belief that _______. - ✔✔We are responsible for our existence
✔✔The feminist perspective on free will says that we are only free _______. - ✔✔When
people are not trying to constrain us
✔✔ metaphysics - ✔✔The study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence
✔✔epistemology - ✔✔The study of knowledge, identifying and developing criteria and
methodologies for what we know and why we know it
, ✔✔ethics - ✔✔The study of moral values or principles, it is concerned with
distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human
actions, and between virtuous and nonvirtuous characteristics of people
✔✔aesthetics - ✔✔This involves the study of beauty and art, analyzing the efforts to
establish standards for beauty in all of its various manifestations
✔✔logic - ✔✔Use and study of valid reasoning
✔✔determinism - ✔✔The view that every event, including human actions is brought
about by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws that govern the
world. Human freedom is an illusion.
✔✔compatibilism - ✔✔The view that all events, including human actions, are caused.
However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of internal
motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints.
✔✔indeterminism - ✔✔The view that some events, including human actions, are not
necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws.
✔✔libertarianism - ✔✔The view that humans are able to make authentically free
choices that are not determined by previous events in accordance with universal casual
laws, that there is a meaningful sense that though we made one choice, we "could have
done otherwise."
✔✔material cause - ✔✔The "matter" of which a thing is made
✔✔formal cause - ✔✔The embedded form that gives shape and purpose to the "matter"
✔✔efficient cause - ✔✔The "triggering" action that sets the thing in motion
✔✔final cause - ✔✔The ultimate purpose for which a thing exists
✔✔Socrates - ✔✔The self is an immortal soul that exists over time
✔✔Descartes - ✔✔The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body. Physical body
(material, moral, and nonthinking) and immortal, nonmaterial self, governed by God's
will and reason
✔✔Locke - ✔✔Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness. Personal
identity and the immortal soul are two different entities.
✔✔Hume - ✔✔There is no "self", only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions
passing through the theater of our minds.
