HESI LPN-TO-ADN EXAM 2026 NEWEST EXAM PREPARATION
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-36)
Question 1
Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Bowman's capsule
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney,
responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains
approximately 1 million nephrons. The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are
components of the nephron, and the collecting duct is a structure that
transports urine after it has been processed by the nephron.
Question 2
Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Epinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
that promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose levels.
1
,Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown. Cortisol
and epinephrine also raise blood glucose but are not the primary regulators
of glucose uptake.
Question 3
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of glycogen
C) Detoxification of drugs and alcohol
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver performs all of these functions: it produces bile for fat
digestion, stores glycogen for energy, and detoxifies harmful substances
including drugs and alcohol. The liver is the body's primary metabolic organ
and performs over 500 vital functions.
Question 4
What is the normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult?
A) 40-60 beats per minute
B) 60-100 beats per minute
C) 80-120 beats per minute
D) 100-140 beats per minute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult ranges from
60-100 beats per minute. Heart rates below 60 (bradycardia) or above 100
(tachycardia) may indicate underlying conditions, though well-conditioned
athletes often have resting rates below 60.
Question 5
2
,Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the body
to the heart?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vena cava (superior and inferior) carries deoxygenated blood
from the body to the right atrium of the heart. The aorta carries oxygenated
blood from the heart to the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the heart.
Question 6
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Absorption of water
C) Storage of feces
D) Production of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the small intestine is absorption of
nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
The small intestine is approximately 20 feet long and has specialized
structures (villi and microvilli) that increase its surface area for
maximizing nutrient absorption.
Question 7
Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
A) Involuntary control
3
, B) Striated appearance
C) Found in blood vessel walls
D) Single nucleus per cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is striated (has a striped appearance) and is under
voluntary control. It is attached to bones and enables movement. Smooth
muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and found in blood vessel walls and
internal organs. Cardiac muscle is striated but involuntary.
Question 8
Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and
fine motor control. The cerebrum controls higher functions like thinking
and voluntary movement. The brainstem controls autonomic functions like
breathing and heart rate. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature,
hunger, and thirst.
Question 9
Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?
A) Gas exchange
B) Regulation of pH
C) Sound production
D) All of the above
4
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-36)
Question 1
Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Bowman's capsule
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney,
responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains
approximately 1 million nephrons. The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are
components of the nephron, and the collecting duct is a structure that
transports urine after it has been processed by the nephron.
Question 2
Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Epinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
that promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose levels.
1
,Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown. Cortisol
and epinephrine also raise blood glucose but are not the primary regulators
of glucose uptake.
Question 3
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of glycogen
C) Detoxification of drugs and alcohol
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver performs all of these functions: it produces bile for fat
digestion, stores glycogen for energy, and detoxifies harmful substances
including drugs and alcohol. The liver is the body's primary metabolic organ
and performs over 500 vital functions.
Question 4
What is the normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult?
A) 40-60 beats per minute
B) 60-100 beats per minute
C) 80-120 beats per minute
D) 100-140 beats per minute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult ranges from
60-100 beats per minute. Heart rates below 60 (bradycardia) or above 100
(tachycardia) may indicate underlying conditions, though well-conditioned
athletes often have resting rates below 60.
Question 5
2
,Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the body
to the heart?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vena cava (superior and inferior) carries deoxygenated blood
from the body to the right atrium of the heart. The aorta carries oxygenated
blood from the heart to the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the heart.
Question 6
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Absorption of water
C) Storage of feces
D) Production of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the small intestine is absorption of
nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
The small intestine is approximately 20 feet long and has specialized
structures (villi and microvilli) that increase its surface area for
maximizing nutrient absorption.
Question 7
Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
A) Involuntary control
3
, B) Striated appearance
C) Found in blood vessel walls
D) Single nucleus per cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is striated (has a striped appearance) and is under
voluntary control. It is attached to bones and enables movement. Smooth
muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and found in blood vessel walls and
internal organs. Cardiac muscle is striated but involuntary.
Question 8
Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and
fine motor control. The cerebrum controls higher functions like thinking
and voluntary movement. The brainstem controls autonomic functions like
breathing and heart rate. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature,
hunger, and thirst.
Question 9
Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?
A) Gas exchange
B) Regulation of pH
C) Sound production
D) All of the above
4
