ELEMENTARY STATISTICS USING EXCEL BY
MARIO F TRIOLA CERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT
2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Data.
Answer: a "fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a
decision." Data describe characteristics of an individual.
◉ Population.
Answer: The entire group of individuals to be studied
◉ Individual.
Answer: a person or object that is a member of the population being
studied.
◉ Sample.
Answer: a subset of the population that is being studied.
◉ descriptive statistics.
Answer: consist of organizing and summarizing data. Descriptive
statistics describe data through numerical summaries, tables, and
graphs.
,◉ statistic.
Answer: a numerical summary based on a sample.
◉ inferential statistics.
Answer: uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them
to the population, and measures the reliability of the result.
◉ parameter.
Answer: a numerical summary of a population
◉ (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose the percentage of all students on
your campus who have a job is 84.9%..
Answer: This value represents a parameter because it is a numerical
summary of a population.
◉ (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose a sample of 250 students is
obtained, and from this sample we find that 86.4% have a job..
Answer: This value represents a statistic because it is a numerical
summary based on a sample.
◉ The Process of Statistics.
Answer: 1. Identify the research objective
,2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in (1).
3. Describe the data.
4. Perform inference
◉ Variables.
Answer: the characteristics of the individuals within the population
◉ quantitative variables (associated with discrete and continuous
data).
Answer: (take on # values) provide numerical measures of
individuals. The values of a quantitative variable can be added or
subtracted and provide meaningful results.
****examples****
number of students in a class
population size of city
age of an individual
height of an individual
◉ discrete variable.
Answer: a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of
possible values or a countable number of possible values
◉ continuous variable.
, Answer: a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of
possible values that are not countable
◉ qualitative data.
Answer: (take on names or labels) descriptive data; observations
corresponding to a qualitative variable
****examples****
eye color
gender
level of education
breed of dog
◉ nominal.
Answer: if the values of the variable name, label, or categorize. In
addition, the naming scheme does not allow for the values of the
variable to be arranged in a ranked, or specific, order.
◉ ordinal.
Answer: if it has the properties of the nominal level of measurement
and the naming scheme allows for the values of the variable to be
arranged in a ranked, or specific, order.
◉ interval.
MARIO F TRIOLA CERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT
2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Data.
Answer: a "fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a
decision." Data describe characteristics of an individual.
◉ Population.
Answer: The entire group of individuals to be studied
◉ Individual.
Answer: a person or object that is a member of the population being
studied.
◉ Sample.
Answer: a subset of the population that is being studied.
◉ descriptive statistics.
Answer: consist of organizing and summarizing data. Descriptive
statistics describe data through numerical summaries, tables, and
graphs.
,◉ statistic.
Answer: a numerical summary based on a sample.
◉ inferential statistics.
Answer: uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them
to the population, and measures the reliability of the result.
◉ parameter.
Answer: a numerical summary of a population
◉ (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose the percentage of all students on
your campus who have a job is 84.9%..
Answer: This value represents a parameter because it is a numerical
summary of a population.
◉ (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose a sample of 250 students is
obtained, and from this sample we find that 86.4% have a job..
Answer: This value represents a statistic because it is a numerical
summary based on a sample.
◉ The Process of Statistics.
Answer: 1. Identify the research objective
,2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in (1).
3. Describe the data.
4. Perform inference
◉ Variables.
Answer: the characteristics of the individuals within the population
◉ quantitative variables (associated with discrete and continuous
data).
Answer: (take on # values) provide numerical measures of
individuals. The values of a quantitative variable can be added or
subtracted and provide meaningful results.
****examples****
number of students in a class
population size of city
age of an individual
height of an individual
◉ discrete variable.
Answer: a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of
possible values or a countable number of possible values
◉ continuous variable.
, Answer: a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of
possible values that are not countable
◉ qualitative data.
Answer: (take on names or labels) descriptive data; observations
corresponding to a qualitative variable
****examples****
eye color
gender
level of education
breed of dog
◉ nominal.
Answer: if the values of the variable name, label, or categorize. In
addition, the naming scheme does not allow for the values of the
variable to be arranged in a ranked, or specific, order.
◉ ordinal.
Answer: if it has the properties of the nominal level of measurement
and the naming scheme allows for the values of the variable to be
arranged in a ranked, or specific, order.
◉ interval.
