NUR 209 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE – NURSING EXAM REVIEW, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & PREP 2026/2027
What are the different types of measurements? - ✔✔1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
What is nominal measurement? - ✔✔This is the lowest level of measurement
- It uses numbers simply to categorize attributes
- Don't have quan meaning and can't be treated mathematically
Ex = gender, ethnicity, etc.
- Items are put into categories, but they cannot be ranked - this is just data for what it is
ex:
1 = anglo
2 = african american
3 = hispanic
4 = asian
5 = other
What is ordinal measurement? - ✔✔Ranks people on an attribute
- typically organized in categories and can be computed or ranked highest to lowest
- Usually data is exclusive and has unequal intervals
Ex = mild, moderate, and severe pain
ex = lower income, middle income, and upper income
What is interval measurement? - ✔✔Ranks people on an attribute and specifies the distance between
them
- This is usually equal numerical distances between intervals
- Typically an interval value and they lack a zero point
Ex temperature
What is ratio measurement? - ✔✔This is the highest level of measurement
- Ratio scales (unlock interval scales) have a meaningful zero and provide information about the absolute
magnitude of the attribute
- This is typically ordered at equally spaced intervals
- This has a continuum value and has an absolute zero
- ex a 200 lb person is twice as heavy as a 100 lb person
- This yields more information and is more receptive to power analysis
What type of measurement do we need to use with Pearson's R? - ✔✔interval or ratio level variables
What are indirect measurements? - ✔✔surveys & comparative psychology
, What is descriptive data? - ✔✔used to describe & synthesize data
• parameters: descriptor for a population
• statistics: descriptive index from a sample
• descriptive statistics address one variable
• also referred to univariate
What is a positive skew? - ✔✔Long tail points to the right
- this is asymmetric aka the peak isn't in the middle
What are central tendency measurements? - ✔✔Common form of statistical analysis used to described
what is typical or the midpoint of the data
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
What is the mode? - ✔✔The number that occurs most frequently
- Used to identify popular data
- Used with nominal data
What is the median? - ✔✔The point that divides the scores in half
-Used with ordinal data
- typically not affected by extreme scores
- typical preference for a skewed score
What is the mean? - ✔✔The sum of all the values divided by the number of participants
- used with interval or nominal data
What are outliers? - ✔✔People off the scales
These are identified through exploratory analyses
What are the different parts of a PICO question? - ✔✔P = patient population/ disease
I= intervention
C = Comparison
O = outcome
What is the independent variable? - ✔✔The presumed cause of a dependent variable
- This could be an influence or an intervention
- This is often the I or C of a PICO question
- what changes in the experiment
What is the dependent variable? - ✔✔The presumed effect (of the IV) or what researchers are trying to
explain, understand, or predict
- aka the outcome variable or outcome
QUESTIONS & PREP 2026/2027
What are the different types of measurements? - ✔✔1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
What is nominal measurement? - ✔✔This is the lowest level of measurement
- It uses numbers simply to categorize attributes
- Don't have quan meaning and can't be treated mathematically
Ex = gender, ethnicity, etc.
- Items are put into categories, but they cannot be ranked - this is just data for what it is
ex:
1 = anglo
2 = african american
3 = hispanic
4 = asian
5 = other
What is ordinal measurement? - ✔✔Ranks people on an attribute
- typically organized in categories and can be computed or ranked highest to lowest
- Usually data is exclusive and has unequal intervals
Ex = mild, moderate, and severe pain
ex = lower income, middle income, and upper income
What is interval measurement? - ✔✔Ranks people on an attribute and specifies the distance between
them
- This is usually equal numerical distances between intervals
- Typically an interval value and they lack a zero point
Ex temperature
What is ratio measurement? - ✔✔This is the highest level of measurement
- Ratio scales (unlock interval scales) have a meaningful zero and provide information about the absolute
magnitude of the attribute
- This is typically ordered at equally spaced intervals
- This has a continuum value and has an absolute zero
- ex a 200 lb person is twice as heavy as a 100 lb person
- This yields more information and is more receptive to power analysis
What type of measurement do we need to use with Pearson's R? - ✔✔interval or ratio level variables
What are indirect measurements? - ✔✔surveys & comparative psychology
, What is descriptive data? - ✔✔used to describe & synthesize data
• parameters: descriptor for a population
• statistics: descriptive index from a sample
• descriptive statistics address one variable
• also referred to univariate
What is a positive skew? - ✔✔Long tail points to the right
- this is asymmetric aka the peak isn't in the middle
What are central tendency measurements? - ✔✔Common form of statistical analysis used to described
what is typical or the midpoint of the data
1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean
What is the mode? - ✔✔The number that occurs most frequently
- Used to identify popular data
- Used with nominal data
What is the median? - ✔✔The point that divides the scores in half
-Used with ordinal data
- typically not affected by extreme scores
- typical preference for a skewed score
What is the mean? - ✔✔The sum of all the values divided by the number of participants
- used with interval or nominal data
What are outliers? - ✔✔People off the scales
These are identified through exploratory analyses
What are the different parts of a PICO question? - ✔✔P = patient population/ disease
I= intervention
C = Comparison
O = outcome
What is the independent variable? - ✔✔The presumed cause of a dependent variable
- This could be an influence or an intervention
- This is often the I or C of a PICO question
- what changes in the experiment
What is the dependent variable? - ✔✔The presumed effect (of the IV) or what researchers are trying to
explain, understand, or predict
- aka the outcome variable or outcome
