ELEMENTARY STATISTICS EXAM 1 TEST
PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
ACCURATE RESPONSES
●● Experiment
Answer: a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one or
more explanatory variable while measuring at least one other variable
●● confounding variable
Answer: a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence
a study's results
●● selection bias
Answer: Tendency for samples to differ from the population as a result
of systematic exclusion of some part of the population
●● explanatory variable
Answer: a variable that we think explains or causes changes in the
response variable
●● response variable
Answer: A variable that measures an outcome of a study.
,●● categorical data
Answer: A univariate data set where the individual observations
are categorical responses. ( labels) ( a name)
●● numerical data
Answer: A univariate data sate where the individual observations is a
number resulting from some measurement
●● Discrete Numerical Variable
Answer: Numerical variable results in discrete data if the possible values
of the variable correspond to isolated points on the number line
●● Continuous Numerical Variable
Answer: A numerical variable results in continuous
data if the set of possible values form an entire interval on the number
line. ( all decimals ok)
- any number works as a valid answer.
●● Sample
Answer: a subset of the population, selected for study
●● Population
, Answer: The entire collection of individuals or objects about which
information is desired
●● Variable
Answer: A factor that can change in an experiment
●● Data
Answer: A collection of observations on one or more variables
●● univariate data set
Answer: a data set consisting of observations on a single characteristic
●● Categorical data set
Answer: A univariate data set is categorical (or qualitative) if the
individual observations are categorical responses
●● Numerical data set
Answer: A univariate data set is numerical (or quantitative) if each
observation is a number.
●● bivariate data set
Answer: consists of observations on two variables made on individuals
in a sample or population
PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
ACCURATE RESPONSES
●● Experiment
Answer: a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one or
more explanatory variable while measuring at least one other variable
●● confounding variable
Answer: a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence
a study's results
●● selection bias
Answer: Tendency for samples to differ from the population as a result
of systematic exclusion of some part of the population
●● explanatory variable
Answer: a variable that we think explains or causes changes in the
response variable
●● response variable
Answer: A variable that measures an outcome of a study.
,●● categorical data
Answer: A univariate data set where the individual observations
are categorical responses. ( labels) ( a name)
●● numerical data
Answer: A univariate data sate where the individual observations is a
number resulting from some measurement
●● Discrete Numerical Variable
Answer: Numerical variable results in discrete data if the possible values
of the variable correspond to isolated points on the number line
●● Continuous Numerical Variable
Answer: A numerical variable results in continuous
data if the set of possible values form an entire interval on the number
line. ( all decimals ok)
- any number works as a valid answer.
●● Sample
Answer: a subset of the population, selected for study
●● Population
, Answer: The entire collection of individuals or objects about which
information is desired
●● Variable
Answer: A factor that can change in an experiment
●● Data
Answer: A collection of observations on one or more variables
●● univariate data set
Answer: a data set consisting of observations on a single characteristic
●● Categorical data set
Answer: A univariate data set is categorical (or qualitative) if the
individual observations are categorical responses
●● Numerical data set
Answer: A univariate data set is numerical (or quantitative) if each
observation is a number.
●● bivariate data set
Answer: consists of observations on two variables made on individuals
in a sample or population
