ELEMENTARY STATISTICS IN SOCIAL
RESEARCH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION PREMIUM
LEARNING RESOURCE
●● Applied Research
Answer: is used to solve practical problems. Basic research is used to
develop new knowledge, such as solving new issues in public
management.
●● Quantitative Research Method
Answer: are used to collect the data that will be used to analyze
statistical methods. This data is collected from surveys and
administrative records, in order to produce the numbers used to express
societal issues, monitor problems, and determine efficiency and
effectiveness of programs. This data is used to hypothesis ways to
improve these programs. ___________ are known to suffer from lack of
details.
●● Qualitative Research Methods
Answer: collect data from words, symbols, and artifacts and are often
non statistical in nature. This data is often is collected through
interviews, focal groups, and observations. This method is traditionally
used to describe new phenomena.This data is known to be detailed, but
can lack generalizability and quantification.
,●● Variables
Answer: are empirically observable phenomenons that can vary. For
example gender and income.
●● Attributes
Answer: are the characteristics of a variable and the specific ways that
specific variable can vary, for example the ________ of gender are male
and female.
●● Descriptive Analysis
Answer: is information about the nature of common features of different
variables, for things like the mean and frequency of distribution.
●● Study of Relationships
Answer: describes the relationships between variables.
●● Independent variable
Answer: a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not
depend on that of another.
●● Dependent variable
Answer: a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of
another.
, ●● Causal Relationships
Answer: relationships in which a condition or variable leads to a certain
consequence.
●● Association
Answer: two situations that are connected, but neither causes the other.
●● Establish a claim of Causality
Answer: there must be empirical and plausible theory to explain the
relationship.
●● Hypothesis
Answer: a prediction about the state of the world (see experimental
hypothesis and null hypothesis).
●● Rival Hypothesis
Answer: threatens the credibility of a concluded study.
●● Control Variable
Answer: is used in empirical research to evaluate the rival hypotheses.
●● Six Steps Involved in Evaluation
RESEARCH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION PREMIUM
LEARNING RESOURCE
●● Applied Research
Answer: is used to solve practical problems. Basic research is used to
develop new knowledge, such as solving new issues in public
management.
●● Quantitative Research Method
Answer: are used to collect the data that will be used to analyze
statistical methods. This data is collected from surveys and
administrative records, in order to produce the numbers used to express
societal issues, monitor problems, and determine efficiency and
effectiveness of programs. This data is used to hypothesis ways to
improve these programs. ___________ are known to suffer from lack of
details.
●● Qualitative Research Methods
Answer: collect data from words, symbols, and artifacts and are often
non statistical in nature. This data is often is collected through
interviews, focal groups, and observations. This method is traditionally
used to describe new phenomena.This data is known to be detailed, but
can lack generalizability and quantification.
,●● Variables
Answer: are empirically observable phenomenons that can vary. For
example gender and income.
●● Attributes
Answer: are the characteristics of a variable and the specific ways that
specific variable can vary, for example the ________ of gender are male
and female.
●● Descriptive Analysis
Answer: is information about the nature of common features of different
variables, for things like the mean and frequency of distribution.
●● Study of Relationships
Answer: describes the relationships between variables.
●● Independent variable
Answer: a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not
depend on that of another.
●● Dependent variable
Answer: a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of
another.
, ●● Causal Relationships
Answer: relationships in which a condition or variable leads to a certain
consequence.
●● Association
Answer: two situations that are connected, but neither causes the other.
●● Establish a claim of Causality
Answer: there must be empirical and plausible theory to explain the
relationship.
●● Hypothesis
Answer: a prediction about the state of the world (see experimental
hypothesis and null hypothesis).
●● Rival Hypothesis
Answer: threatens the credibility of a concluded study.
●● Control Variable
Answer: is used in empirical research to evaluate the rival hypotheses.
●● Six Steps Involved in Evaluation
