ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS EXAM
PAPER 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS FULL
WAVEFORM AND CIRCUIT STUDY GUIDE
REVISION MODULE
◉ What are the main barriers to communication?
Answer: Language and distance.
◉ What is the contemporary emphasis in communication?
Answer: The accumulation, packaging, and exchange of information.
◉ Name one method of communication.
Answer: Face to face, signals, written word, or electrical innovations
(e.g., telegraph, telephone, radio, television, internet).
◉ What are the basic components of a communication system?
Answer: Transmitter, channel or medium, and receiver.
◉ What is the role of a transmitter in a communication system?
,Answer: It converts the electrical signal into a signal suitable for
transmission over a given medium.
◉ What types of media can be used in communication channels?
Answer: Electrical conductors, optical media, free space, and system-
specific media (e.g., water for sonar).
◉ What does a receiver do in a communication system?
Answer: It accepts the transmitted message from the channel and
converts it back into a form understandable by humans.
◉ What is a transceiver?
Answer: An electronic unit that incorporates circuits that both send
and receive signals.
◉ Give an example of a transceiver.
Answer: Telephones, fax machines, handheld CB radios, cell phones,
or computer modems.
◉ What is signal attenuation?
Answer: The degradation of a signal that exists in all media of
wireless transmission, proportional to the square of the distance
between transmitter and receiver.
, ◉ What is noise in a communication system?
Answer: Random, undesirable electronic energy that interferes with
the transmitted message.
◉ How are electronic communications classified?
Answer: According to whether they are one-way (simplex) or two-
way (full duplex or half duplex) transmissions, and whether they use
analog or digital signals.
◉ What is simplex communication?
Answer: One-way communication, such as radio or TV broadcasting.
◉ What is full duplex communication?
Answer: Two-way communication where both parties can talk and
listen simultaneously, like in a telephone conversation.
◉ What is half duplex communication?
Answer: Two-way communication where only one party transmits at
a time, such as in police or military radio transmissions.
◉ What is an analog signal?
Answer: A smoothly and continuously varying voltage or current,
such as a sine wave, voice, or video.
PAPER 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS FULL
WAVEFORM AND CIRCUIT STUDY GUIDE
REVISION MODULE
◉ What are the main barriers to communication?
Answer: Language and distance.
◉ What is the contemporary emphasis in communication?
Answer: The accumulation, packaging, and exchange of information.
◉ Name one method of communication.
Answer: Face to face, signals, written word, or electrical innovations
(e.g., telegraph, telephone, radio, television, internet).
◉ What are the basic components of a communication system?
Answer: Transmitter, channel or medium, and receiver.
◉ What is the role of a transmitter in a communication system?
,Answer: It converts the electrical signal into a signal suitable for
transmission over a given medium.
◉ What types of media can be used in communication channels?
Answer: Electrical conductors, optical media, free space, and system-
specific media (e.g., water for sonar).
◉ What does a receiver do in a communication system?
Answer: It accepts the transmitted message from the channel and
converts it back into a form understandable by humans.
◉ What is a transceiver?
Answer: An electronic unit that incorporates circuits that both send
and receive signals.
◉ Give an example of a transceiver.
Answer: Telephones, fax machines, handheld CB radios, cell phones,
or computer modems.
◉ What is signal attenuation?
Answer: The degradation of a signal that exists in all media of
wireless transmission, proportional to the square of the distance
between transmitter and receiver.
, ◉ What is noise in a communication system?
Answer: Random, undesirable electronic energy that interferes with
the transmitted message.
◉ How are electronic communications classified?
Answer: According to whether they are one-way (simplex) or two-
way (full duplex or half duplex) transmissions, and whether they use
analog or digital signals.
◉ What is simplex communication?
Answer: One-way communication, such as radio or TV broadcasting.
◉ What is full duplex communication?
Answer: Two-way communication where both parties can talk and
listen simultaneously, like in a telephone conversation.
◉ What is half duplex communication?
Answer: Two-way communication where only one party transmits at
a time, such as in police or military radio transmissions.
◉ What is an analog signal?
Answer: A smoothly and continuously varying voltage or current,
such as a sine wave, voice, or video.
