ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES GALEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

◉ Extracellular fluid volume excess definition.
Answer: increased fluid retention in the intravascular and
interstitial spaces


◉ causes of Extracellular fluid volume excess.
Answer: -heart failure
-liver damage
-renal disorders
-excessive IV fluid intake


◉ S/S of extracellular fluid volume excess.
Answer: -dyspnea
-cough
-crackles in lungs
-engorged neck vessels
-bounding pulse

,-increased BP
-edema
-wt gain
-I&O
-lethargy, confusion, HA
-lab values (low Na, BUN and creatinine)


◉ Nursing interventions for extracellular fluid volume excess.
Answer: -vital signs every 4 hrs (or more freq)
-listen to lung sounds
-monitor O2 saturation
-assess for neck vein distention
-daily wts
-I&O
-protect skin
-asses for edema
-instruct on fluid and/or Na+ restriction
-oral care
-monitor lab values for changes
-give ordered meds (ie: diuretics)


◉ Isotonic Solutions.

, Answer: the # of particles in a solution on one side of a membrane
approximates the # of particles in a solution on the other side of the
membrane


◉ Example of isotonic solution.
Answer: normal saline, lactated ringers


◉ Isotonic Osmolarity.
Answer: near 300 mOsm


◉ Use of isotonic solutions.
Answer: to expand intravascular volume


◉ precautions with isotonic solutions.
Answer: can cause circ. over load (monitor BP, HR, dim. LOC, lungs
for rales, rapid wt gain[4.5 lbs overnight])


◉ nursing actions with isotonic solutions.
Answer: -turn IV rate down
-raise HOB
-watch fluid intake
-monitor vital signs