BIOL 271 MICROBIOLOGY
W/LAB MODULE 2 EXAM
REVIEW PORTAGE LEARNING
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026 .
,1. Most metabolic functions in cells rely on enzymes to the biochem-ical
reactions.: facilitate
2. An enzyme is a : protein, or group of proteins, that catalyze chemical reactions.
3. Catalyze: to speed up
4. The specificity and function of some enzymes can be regulated by a
.: Cofactor
5. A cofactor is a .: small chemical component that assist enzymes during the catalysis reactions.
6. Cofactors are usually made of .: metal ions
7. serve as regulators of chemical reactions.: cofactors
8. T/F:
In the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive, while in its presence enzymes are active✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER True
9. Are cofactors inorganic or organic?: inorganic
10. To produce sufficient levels of energy, microorganisms must
✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER break down complex nutrients into smaller subunits.
11. What do enzymes break proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides into?: 1. Proteins
-> Amino Acids
2. Lipids -> Fatty Acids
3. Polysaccharides -> monosaccharides
12. Catabolism is the ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy
sources.
13. Anabolism is ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER the building up of macromolecules from smaller subunits into larger
complexes.
14. When is the anabolic process used?: during growth and repair phases of the cell
15. Does catabolism and anabolism require energy to carry out there reac-tions?: Yes. A great deal of energy!
16. What happens to chemical reactions without enzymes?: the chemical reactions would take too long and exhaust too much energy
,17. What are enzymes affect on a chemical reaction?: increase the rate of the chemical reaction
18. What happens if a cell runs out of energy before the necessary reactions conclude?: the cell will die
19. What does ATP stand for?: Adenosine Triphosphate
20. is the most widely used form of energy in the cells✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER ATP or adenosine
triphosphate
21. What is the result if a phosphate group from ATP is removed?: ADP or adenosine diphosphate
22. ATP has energy to ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER donate
23. ADP can energy✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER accept
24. By donating available phosphate groups, ATP transfers energy
reactions to be used for ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER catabolic; anabolism
25. catabolic reactions = ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER break down
26. anabolic reactions = ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER build up
27. What is the starting source in order for microbes to produce ATP?: elections
28. acquire energy from photons of light to generate ATP from ADP: -
Phototrophs
29. acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environ-ment✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
Chemotrophs
30. What are preformed chemicals?: Chemicals that already exist in the environment.
31. What categories are Chemotrophs divided into?: organotrophs or lithotrophs
32. remove electrons from organic molecules (such as glucose)✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER organ-
otrophs
33. remove electrons form inorganic molecules (such as elemental sulfur)✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
lithotrophs
34. Microbes require a source of to carry out metabolic processes✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER -
, carbon
35. T/F:
Microbes can be classified depending on where there source of carbon comes from✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER True
36. are a microorganism that derives its carbon from organic mole-cules, like sugar✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER Heterotrophs
W/LAB MODULE 2 EXAM
REVIEW PORTAGE LEARNING
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026 .
,1. Most metabolic functions in cells rely on enzymes to the biochem-ical
reactions.: facilitate
2. An enzyme is a : protein, or group of proteins, that catalyze chemical reactions.
3. Catalyze: to speed up
4. The specificity and function of some enzymes can be regulated by a
.: Cofactor
5. A cofactor is a .: small chemical component that assist enzymes during the catalysis reactions.
6. Cofactors are usually made of .: metal ions
7. serve as regulators of chemical reactions.: cofactors
8. T/F:
In the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive, while in its presence enzymes are active✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER True
9. Are cofactors inorganic or organic?: inorganic
10. To produce sufficient levels of energy, microorganisms must
✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER break down complex nutrients into smaller subunits.
11. What do enzymes break proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides into?: 1. Proteins
-> Amino Acids
2. Lipids -> Fatty Acids
3. Polysaccharides -> monosaccharides
12. Catabolism is the ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy
sources.
13. Anabolism is ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER the building up of macromolecules from smaller subunits into larger
complexes.
14. When is the anabolic process used?: during growth and repair phases of the cell
15. Does catabolism and anabolism require energy to carry out there reac-tions?: Yes. A great deal of energy!
16. What happens to chemical reactions without enzymes?: the chemical reactions would take too long and exhaust too much energy
,17. What are enzymes affect on a chemical reaction?: increase the rate of the chemical reaction
18. What happens if a cell runs out of energy before the necessary reactions conclude?: the cell will die
19. What does ATP stand for?: Adenosine Triphosphate
20. is the most widely used form of energy in the cells✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER ATP or adenosine
triphosphate
21. What is the result if a phosphate group from ATP is removed?: ADP or adenosine diphosphate
22. ATP has energy to ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER donate
23. ADP can energy✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER accept
24. By donating available phosphate groups, ATP transfers energy
reactions to be used for ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER catabolic; anabolism
25. catabolic reactions = ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER break down
26. anabolic reactions = ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER build up
27. What is the starting source in order for microbes to produce ATP?: elections
28. acquire energy from photons of light to generate ATP from ADP: -
Phototrophs
29. acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environ-ment✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
Chemotrophs
30. What are preformed chemicals?: Chemicals that already exist in the environment.
31. What categories are Chemotrophs divided into?: organotrophs or lithotrophs
32. remove electrons from organic molecules (such as glucose)✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER organ-
otrophs
33. remove electrons form inorganic molecules (such as elemental sulfur)✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
lithotrophs
34. Microbes require a source of to carry out metabolic processes✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER -
, carbon
35. T/F:
Microbes can be classified depending on where there source of carbon comes from✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER True
36. are a microorganism that derives its carbon from organic mole-cules, like sugar✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER Heterotrophs
