ASU BIO 340 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES +
⫸ What were the conclusions for the three experiments that led to DNA
being the hereditary material? Answer: 1. The bacterial transforming
principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from
the virulent heat-killed S-strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform
into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
DNA is the transforming factor
3. The Hershey-Chase Experiment:
DNA is the genetic material
⫸ What are the building blocks of DNA Answer: nucleotides
⫸ What are nucleotides composed of? Answer: 5 carbon sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
A, T, G, C
⫸ Nucleotides combine via___ Answer: covalent bonds
,⫸ Nucleotides are assembled into polynucleotide chains by:
a. endonuclease
b. DNA pol.
c. RNA pol.
d. helicase Answer: b. DNA pol
⫸ Who determined that structure of DNA? Answer: Crick and Watson
⫸ Who discovered the secondary structure of proteins using x-ray
crystallography? Answer: Linus Pauling
⫸ Does DNA run parallel or anti parallel? Answer: anti-parallel (strand
one 5'-3')(strand 2 3'-5')
⫸ What is Chargaff's rule? Answer: DNA should have a 1:1 ratio(G=C,
A=T)
⫸ The haploid human genome is 3 Gbp long (3x10^9 bp). There are
approximately 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all
of the human genomic DNA in your body be if it were stretch out end to
end? Answer: ~2m
⫸ There is approx, 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would
all of the human DNA in your body be if it were stretched end to end?
, a. 10 billion km
b. 100 billion km
c. 1000 billion km Answer: b. 100 billion km
⫸ what is the difference in the origins of replication between
pro/eukaryotes? Answer: prokayotes have just one OoR while
Eukaryotes have multiple due to their being more complex than
prokaryotes.
⫸ what is the expansion around the origin or replication called?
Answer: replication bubble
⫸ What does DNA polymerase do? Answer: adds nucleotides to the
growing DNA chain that are complementary to the template strand
⫸ In prokaryotes there are three DNA pol. Describe what each one does
Answer: DNA pol I and II: repairs
DNA pol III: DNA synthesis
⫸ How does replication know where to being? Answer: There are
specific nucleotide sequences that code for where replication begins.
⫸ What does Helicase do and what does it require? Answer: //Helicase//
*unwinds* the DNA by breaking the H-bonds between base pairs.
//Required// is ATP hydrolysis
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES +
⫸ What were the conclusions for the three experiments that led to DNA
being the hereditary material? Answer: 1. The bacterial transforming
principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from
the virulent heat-killed S-strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform
into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
DNA is the transforming factor
3. The Hershey-Chase Experiment:
DNA is the genetic material
⫸ What are the building blocks of DNA Answer: nucleotides
⫸ What are nucleotides composed of? Answer: 5 carbon sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
A, T, G, C
⫸ Nucleotides combine via___ Answer: covalent bonds
,⫸ Nucleotides are assembled into polynucleotide chains by:
a. endonuclease
b. DNA pol.
c. RNA pol.
d. helicase Answer: b. DNA pol
⫸ Who determined that structure of DNA? Answer: Crick and Watson
⫸ Who discovered the secondary structure of proteins using x-ray
crystallography? Answer: Linus Pauling
⫸ Does DNA run parallel or anti parallel? Answer: anti-parallel (strand
one 5'-3')(strand 2 3'-5')
⫸ What is Chargaff's rule? Answer: DNA should have a 1:1 ratio(G=C,
A=T)
⫸ The haploid human genome is 3 Gbp long (3x10^9 bp). There are
approximately 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all
of the human genomic DNA in your body be if it were stretch out end to
end? Answer: ~2m
⫸ There is approx, 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would
all of the human DNA in your body be if it were stretched end to end?
, a. 10 billion km
b. 100 billion km
c. 1000 billion km Answer: b. 100 billion km
⫸ what is the difference in the origins of replication between
pro/eukaryotes? Answer: prokayotes have just one OoR while
Eukaryotes have multiple due to their being more complex than
prokaryotes.
⫸ what is the expansion around the origin or replication called?
Answer: replication bubble
⫸ What does DNA polymerase do? Answer: adds nucleotides to the
growing DNA chain that are complementary to the template strand
⫸ In prokaryotes there are three DNA pol. Describe what each one does
Answer: DNA pol I and II: repairs
DNA pol III: DNA synthesis
⫸ How does replication know where to being? Answer: There are
specific nucleotide sequences that code for where replication begins.
⫸ What does Helicase do and what does it require? Answer: //Helicase//
*unwinds* the DNA by breaking the H-bonds between base pairs.
//Required// is ATP hydrolysis
