PRSA APR EXAMINERS SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Sunshine Law - ✔✔established in 1976; transparency in public government
✔✔Cybersquatting - ✔✔registering, trafficing, or using domain name with bad-faith
intent to profit
✔✔Lobbying - ✔✔influence regulation and legislation
✔✔Agenda setting - ✔✔fluid, dynamic attempt to get the attention of the media, the
public, and/or policy makers
✔✔New York Times v. Sullivan - ✔✔public figure must prove actual malice
✔✔Material information - ✔✔influences stock prices
✔✔tactics - ✔✔specif tools; "how to"
✔✔Census - ✔✔100% sample; everyone has a chance to participate; use is universe is
<300
✔✔ Universe - ✔✔The number of possible respondents available to draw survey
sample from
✔✔Representative sample - ✔✔Number needed to be representative of the universe.
Any universe that is 100,000 or more requires a sample of 384
✔✔10-K - ✔✔Annual Report must file 60 days after close of companies fiscal year
✔✔10-Q - ✔✔Quarterly financial Report containing unaudited data-filed 35 days after
close of first three fiscal quarters
, ✔✔95% Confidence level - ✔✔If the same survey were given repeatedly 95% of the
time the results would be the same, falling within the same margin of error
✔✔8-K - ✔✔information that needs to be public documented through the SEC-a news
release can be qualified. Can triggered by a reporter questions for information that has
not been issued publicly. Publically traded organization and/or regulated. Mnemonic:
"kant" wait-information
✔✔Margin of error - ✔✔The range, plus or minus, within which results can vary (the
larger the sample the lower the margin of error)
✔✔Proxy Statement (Form Def 14A) - ✔✔invitation or agenda at for shareholders to
advertise the annual meeting. Can cover-proposals for new board members, directors
or executives' salaries, bonus and option plans for directors, and declarations by
company management.
✔✔Benchmark Survey - ✔✔Survey that is taken of a large target audience prior to a
campaign. Research after campaign can be measured against this
✔✔Cluster Sample - ✔✔People who are grouped or clustered by something they have
in common
✔✔Content analysis - ✔✔Study of publications, print and electronic media reports to
measure and evaluate news coverage of an organization, its people or activities.
Attempt to objectively code and describe the content of communication.
✔✔Depth interviews - ✔✔One-on-one interviews with key respondents
✔✔Focus group - ✔✔Informal give-and-take sessions in a controlled environment with a
small group of people.(Qualitative)
✔✔Formal methods - ✔✔Research that includes the systematic gathering of
scientifically measurable data from representative. samples. Mail survey, telephone
survey (Quantitative)
✔✔Informal methods - ✔✔Exploratory research that is not gathered from scientifically
represented samples (focus groups, key influencers, letters/complaints received
✔✔Regulation Fair Disclosure (2000) - ✔✔all publicly traded companies disclose
material information to all investors at the same time (at all levels)
✔✔Insider Trading Study (1963) - ✔✔Encourages timely disclosure of "material
information"
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Sunshine Law - ✔✔established in 1976; transparency in public government
✔✔Cybersquatting - ✔✔registering, trafficing, or using domain name with bad-faith
intent to profit
✔✔Lobbying - ✔✔influence regulation and legislation
✔✔Agenda setting - ✔✔fluid, dynamic attempt to get the attention of the media, the
public, and/or policy makers
✔✔New York Times v. Sullivan - ✔✔public figure must prove actual malice
✔✔Material information - ✔✔influences stock prices
✔✔tactics - ✔✔specif tools; "how to"
✔✔Census - ✔✔100% sample; everyone has a chance to participate; use is universe is
<300
✔✔ Universe - ✔✔The number of possible respondents available to draw survey
sample from
✔✔Representative sample - ✔✔Number needed to be representative of the universe.
Any universe that is 100,000 or more requires a sample of 384
✔✔10-K - ✔✔Annual Report must file 60 days after close of companies fiscal year
✔✔10-Q - ✔✔Quarterly financial Report containing unaudited data-filed 35 days after
close of first three fiscal quarters
, ✔✔95% Confidence level - ✔✔If the same survey were given repeatedly 95% of the
time the results would be the same, falling within the same margin of error
✔✔8-K - ✔✔information that needs to be public documented through the SEC-a news
release can be qualified. Can triggered by a reporter questions for information that has
not been issued publicly. Publically traded organization and/or regulated. Mnemonic:
"kant" wait-information
✔✔Margin of error - ✔✔The range, plus or minus, within which results can vary (the
larger the sample the lower the margin of error)
✔✔Proxy Statement (Form Def 14A) - ✔✔invitation or agenda at for shareholders to
advertise the annual meeting. Can cover-proposals for new board members, directors
or executives' salaries, bonus and option plans for directors, and declarations by
company management.
✔✔Benchmark Survey - ✔✔Survey that is taken of a large target audience prior to a
campaign. Research after campaign can be measured against this
✔✔Cluster Sample - ✔✔People who are grouped or clustered by something they have
in common
✔✔Content analysis - ✔✔Study of publications, print and electronic media reports to
measure and evaluate news coverage of an organization, its people or activities.
Attempt to objectively code and describe the content of communication.
✔✔Depth interviews - ✔✔One-on-one interviews with key respondents
✔✔Focus group - ✔✔Informal give-and-take sessions in a controlled environment with a
small group of people.(Qualitative)
✔✔Formal methods - ✔✔Research that includes the systematic gathering of
scientifically measurable data from representative. samples. Mail survey, telephone
survey (Quantitative)
✔✔Informal methods - ✔✔Exploratory research that is not gathered from scientifically
represented samples (focus groups, key influencers, letters/complaints received
✔✔Regulation Fair Disclosure (2000) - ✔✔all publicly traded companies disclose
material information to all investors at the same time (at all levels)
✔✔Insider Trading Study (1963) - ✔✔Encourages timely disclosure of "material
information"
