HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔benign tumors - ✔✔slow growth by expansion, encapsulated; cells adhere to e/o;
well differentiated & resemble origin; remain localized, no destruction, no hemorrhage,
may be smooth and movable, rare recurrence
✔✔malignant tumor - ✔✔rapid growth & invasive; not differentiated & abnormal;
ulceration & necrosis & hemorrhage: often recur.
✔✔metastasis - ✔✔spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microbe from one
organ or part to another not directly connected to it.
✔✔cancer stage - ✔✔reflects tumor size and extent of tumor spread: helps determine
choice of treatment options and prognosis; method that institutions use to communicate
patient information for standardization.
✔✔neoadjuvant therapy - ✔✔administered to preoperatively shrink the tumor to
facilitate surgical removal of a tumor.
✔✔ablation - ✔✔the removal, especially of organs, abnormal growths, or harmful
substances, from the body by mechanical means, as by surgery.
✔✔oncogenes - ✔✔a gene in a virus that can prompt a cell to turn malignant
✔✔immune disorders may generate one of three effects: - ✔✔hypersensitivity (allergy),
autoimmune diseases(immune system is overactive and kills its own cells),
immunodeficiency disorders (immune system is absent or reduced activity)
✔✔kwashiorkor - ✔✔a protein-calorie malnutrition, the starvation associated with famine
, ✔✔immunosenescence - ✔✔gradual deterioration of the functions of the immune
system; associated with aging
✔✔hyperlipidemia - ✔✔high cholesterol
✔✔ausculation - ✔✔trained listening; listening with a stethoscope for sounds within the
body, such as heart valve sounds or the lungs, during an exam.
✔✔differential diagnosis - ✔✔the distinguishing of a disease or condition from others
presenting with similar signs and symptoms
✔✔nociceptors - ✔✔pain receptors; activated by mechanical damage, dissolved
chemicals, and extreme temperatures
✔✔prognosis - ✔✔a prediction of the course of a disease
✔✔remission - ✔✔the signs and symptoms of disease at times subside for a period of
time
✔✔exacerbation - ✔✔a period of time when a disease's signs and symptoms recur in all
their serverity after a period of remission.
✔✔relapse - ✔✔occurs when a disease returns weeks or months after its apparent
cessation
✔✔complication - ✔✔a disease or other abnormal state that develops in a person
already suffering from a disease
✔✔sequela - ✔✔the aftermath of a particular disease
✔✔mortality - ✔✔the measure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given
population over a period of time
✔✔pus - ✔✔released from dying neutrophils after digesting bacteria & toxins that
liquefy the surrounding tissue; a thick yellow fluid consisting of liquefied tissue, dead
neutrophils, and inflammatory exudate
✔✔prevalence - ✔✔describes the number of cases of disease occurring at a given time
✔✔incidence - ✔✔describes the number of new cases at a given time
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence,
distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔benign tumors - ✔✔slow growth by expansion, encapsulated; cells adhere to e/o;
well differentiated & resemble origin; remain localized, no destruction, no hemorrhage,
may be smooth and movable, rare recurrence
✔✔malignant tumor - ✔✔rapid growth & invasive; not differentiated & abnormal;
ulceration & necrosis & hemorrhage: often recur.
✔✔metastasis - ✔✔spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microbe from one
organ or part to another not directly connected to it.
✔✔cancer stage - ✔✔reflects tumor size and extent of tumor spread: helps determine
choice of treatment options and prognosis; method that institutions use to communicate
patient information for standardization.
✔✔neoadjuvant therapy - ✔✔administered to preoperatively shrink the tumor to
facilitate surgical removal of a tumor.
✔✔ablation - ✔✔the removal, especially of organs, abnormal growths, or harmful
substances, from the body by mechanical means, as by surgery.
✔✔oncogenes - ✔✔a gene in a virus that can prompt a cell to turn malignant
✔✔immune disorders may generate one of three effects: - ✔✔hypersensitivity (allergy),
autoimmune diseases(immune system is overactive and kills its own cells),
immunodeficiency disorders (immune system is absent or reduced activity)
✔✔kwashiorkor - ✔✔a protein-calorie malnutrition, the starvation associated with famine
, ✔✔immunosenescence - ✔✔gradual deterioration of the functions of the immune
system; associated with aging
✔✔hyperlipidemia - ✔✔high cholesterol
✔✔ausculation - ✔✔trained listening; listening with a stethoscope for sounds within the
body, such as heart valve sounds or the lungs, during an exam.
✔✔differential diagnosis - ✔✔the distinguishing of a disease or condition from others
presenting with similar signs and symptoms
✔✔nociceptors - ✔✔pain receptors; activated by mechanical damage, dissolved
chemicals, and extreme temperatures
✔✔prognosis - ✔✔a prediction of the course of a disease
✔✔remission - ✔✔the signs and symptoms of disease at times subside for a period of
time
✔✔exacerbation - ✔✔a period of time when a disease's signs and symptoms recur in all
their serverity after a period of remission.
✔✔relapse - ✔✔occurs when a disease returns weeks or months after its apparent
cessation
✔✔complication - ✔✔a disease or other abnormal state that develops in a person
already suffering from a disease
✔✔sequela - ✔✔the aftermath of a particular disease
✔✔mortality - ✔✔the measure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given
population over a period of time
✔✔pus - ✔✔released from dying neutrophils after digesting bacteria & toxins that
liquefy the surrounding tissue; a thick yellow fluid consisting of liquefied tissue, dead
neutrophils, and inflammatory exudate
✔✔prevalence - ✔✔describes the number of cases of disease occurring at a given time
✔✔incidence - ✔✔describes the number of new cases at a given time
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence,
distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
