HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PAPER ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔palliative treatment - ✔✔aka-symptomatic; designed to relieve & manage the
symptoms of the disease without addressing the cause
✔✔immunity - ✔✔the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents and
even abnormal body cells, s.a. cancer cells
✔✔nonspecific immunity - ✔✔aka-innate immunity; present at birth & provides
immediate but general protection against any foreign agent that enters the body
✔✔specific immunity - ✔✔aka-acquired immunity; is effective against particular
identified foreign agents & develops in response particular identified foreign agents &
develops in response to contact with that agent
✔✔interferon - ✔✔a group of substances that stimulate the immune system; it can
interfere with viral multiplication
✔✔hyperemia - ✔✔increased amount of blood; (associated with inflammation, causing
increased heat and redness).
✔✔neutrophils - ✔✔leukocytes that line up within capillary walls during inflammation.
they're specialized cells that defend the body against microbes & speed healing up by
engulfing cell debris; can move between blood vessels and tissue
✔✔histamine - ✔✔damaged tissue releases this substance during inflammation to
attract leukocytes & also causes capillary walls to become more permeable.
✔✔chemotaxis - ✔✔the attraction of the WBC's to the site of inflammation.
✔✔leukocytosis - ✔✔the excessive production of WBC's
, ✔✔monocytes/macrophages - ✔✔phagocytic leukocytes that follow the neutrophils to
clear the debris
✔✔fibrin - ✔✔a plasma protein, essential for the blood clotting mechanism; forms a clot
in the damaged tissue, walling off the infection & preventing its spread.
✔✔pyogenic - ✔✔causing pus formation
✔✔Suppurative inflammation - ✔✔An inflammation associated with pus formation (eg-
abscesses, boils, & styes)
✔✔fibroblasts - ✔✔a type of CT cell that produce collagen fiber; during fibrosis, the
fibers contract, drawing the cut surfaces together
✔✔fibrosis - ✔✔the formation of a meshwork of collagen tissue after a wound known as
"scar tissue"
✔✔keloid healing - ✔✔the development of a scar after surgery of a severe burn that is
raised & hard; it's really a benign tumor; removal is usually ineffective
✔✔adhesions - ✔✔collagen fibers anchor together adjacent structures, which can
interfere with organ functions
✔✔lymphedema - ✔✔occurs when tissues swell because lymphatic vessels are blocked
✔✔humoral immunity - ✔✔specific immunity that provides protection from infection by
antibodies
✔✔cell-mediated immunity - ✔✔specific immunity that provides protection against
infection using activated lymphocytes.
✔✔T Lymphocytes - ✔✔responsible for cell-mediated immunity & are processed by the
thymus gland
✔✔B Lymphocytes - ✔✔responsible for Humoral immunity; highly specific for one type
of antigen; Lymphocytes that produce antibodies in cell-mediated immunity
✔✔plasma cells - ✔✔transform from B Lymphocytes; divide rapidly and produce a large
number of antibodies, which are secreted into the lymph & circulated
✔✔immunoglobins (Ig) - ✔✔these antibodies are plasma proteins, which are gamma
globulins; antibodies
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔palliative treatment - ✔✔aka-symptomatic; designed to relieve & manage the
symptoms of the disease without addressing the cause
✔✔immunity - ✔✔the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents and
even abnormal body cells, s.a. cancer cells
✔✔nonspecific immunity - ✔✔aka-innate immunity; present at birth & provides
immediate but general protection against any foreign agent that enters the body
✔✔specific immunity - ✔✔aka-acquired immunity; is effective against particular
identified foreign agents & develops in response particular identified foreign agents &
develops in response to contact with that agent
✔✔interferon - ✔✔a group of substances that stimulate the immune system; it can
interfere with viral multiplication
✔✔hyperemia - ✔✔increased amount of blood; (associated with inflammation, causing
increased heat and redness).
✔✔neutrophils - ✔✔leukocytes that line up within capillary walls during inflammation.
they're specialized cells that defend the body against microbes & speed healing up by
engulfing cell debris; can move between blood vessels and tissue
✔✔histamine - ✔✔damaged tissue releases this substance during inflammation to
attract leukocytes & also causes capillary walls to become more permeable.
✔✔chemotaxis - ✔✔the attraction of the WBC's to the site of inflammation.
✔✔leukocytosis - ✔✔the excessive production of WBC's
, ✔✔monocytes/macrophages - ✔✔phagocytic leukocytes that follow the neutrophils to
clear the debris
✔✔fibrin - ✔✔a plasma protein, essential for the blood clotting mechanism; forms a clot
in the damaged tissue, walling off the infection & preventing its spread.
✔✔pyogenic - ✔✔causing pus formation
✔✔Suppurative inflammation - ✔✔An inflammation associated with pus formation (eg-
abscesses, boils, & styes)
✔✔fibroblasts - ✔✔a type of CT cell that produce collagen fiber; during fibrosis, the
fibers contract, drawing the cut surfaces together
✔✔fibrosis - ✔✔the formation of a meshwork of collagen tissue after a wound known as
"scar tissue"
✔✔keloid healing - ✔✔the development of a scar after surgery of a severe burn that is
raised & hard; it's really a benign tumor; removal is usually ineffective
✔✔adhesions - ✔✔collagen fibers anchor together adjacent structures, which can
interfere with organ functions
✔✔lymphedema - ✔✔occurs when tissues swell because lymphatic vessels are blocked
✔✔humoral immunity - ✔✔specific immunity that provides protection from infection by
antibodies
✔✔cell-mediated immunity - ✔✔specific immunity that provides protection against
infection using activated lymphocytes.
✔✔T Lymphocytes - ✔✔responsible for cell-mediated immunity & are processed by the
thymus gland
✔✔B Lymphocytes - ✔✔responsible for Humoral immunity; highly specific for one type
of antigen; Lymphocytes that produce antibodies in cell-mediated immunity
✔✔plasma cells - ✔✔transform from B Lymphocytes; divide rapidly and produce a large
number of antibodies, which are secreted into the lymph & circulated
✔✔immunoglobins (Ig) - ✔✔these antibodies are plasma proteins, which are gamma
globulins; antibodies
