HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EVALUATION SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔
✔✔lupus - ✔✔a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect various parts of the body;
there are 4 types: systemic, discoid, drug induced, and neonatal.
✔✔systemic lupus erythrematosis (SLE) - ✔✔lupus where the body forms
autoantibodies against DNA & RNA can damage any body cells, many body systems
can be involved; arthritis, low fever, butterfly rash, fatigue, photosensitivity, hair loss,
and Raynaud's phenomenon.
✔✔Raynaud's phenomenon - ✔✔fingers turn white & blue in the cold;a condition in
which the small blood vessels of the hands &/ feet contract in response to cold or
anxiety
✔✔Discoid/cutaneous lupus - ✔✔limited to skin; identified by a rash that may appear on
face, neck, & scalp
✔✔Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) - ✔✔can be brought on in 4% of patients
by 70 different prescription drugs; similar to SLE; disappear within days to months after
discontinuing the drug
✔✔Neonatal Lupus - ✔✔a rare condition acquired from the maternal autoantibodies
which can affect the skin, heart, and blood of the fetus & newborn; associated w/ a rash
that appears w/in several weeks of life & may persist for about six months before
disappearing
✔✔Scleroderma - ✔✔aka-systematic sclerosis; hardening of skin, autoimmune disease
of CT; characterized by fibrosis in the skin & organs; more common in women. there are
two classes: localized & systematic, of which both have subgroups
, ✔✔morphea - ✔✔type of localized scleroderma; local patches of scleroderma; first
signs are reddish patches of skin that thicken into firm, oval-shaped areas; the center
becomes ivory with violet borders; generally fades after 3-5 years
✔✔linear scleroderma - ✔✔characterized by a single line or band of thickened skin on
an arm or leg, sometimes forehead
✔✔localized scleroderma - ✔✔scleroderma affecting only skin & related tissues,
sometimes muscle
✔✔systemic scleroderma - ✔✔cleroderma affecting skin, tissues, blood vessels, &
major organs (fibrosis)
✔✔limited cutaneous scleroderma - ✔✔CREST Syndrome; systemic scleroderma;
typically comes on gradually on skin of fingers, hands, face, lower arms, legs
✔✔calcinosis - ✔✔the formation of calcium deposits in the CT; usually in fingers, hand,
face, & trunk; when deposits break through the skin, painful ulcers can result.
✔✔esophageal dysfunction - ✔✔refers to impaired function of the esophagus that
occurs when smooth muscles in the esophagus lose normal movement
✔✔sclerodactyly - ✔✔refers to thick & tight skin on the fingers, resulting from deposits
of excess collagen w/in skin layers
✔✔diffuse cutaneous scleroderma - ✔✔scleroderma that comes on suddenly; begins in
hands & spreads symmetrically; patients often are tired, lose appetite & weight, & have
joint swelling & pain
✔✔Sjögren's Syndrome - ✔✔chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the glands &
other tissues; symptoms include dry eyes, dry mouth, dry skin, & vaginal dryness.
✔✔how is HIV tested for? - ✔✔the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood can be
detected with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). if it's positive, the test is
usually confirmed using a Western Blot Test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can
also be used to test for HIV
✔✔vaccine - ✔✔a low dose of dead deactivated bacteria or virus that stimulates an
immune response
✔✔toxoids - ✔✔a chemically altered toxin that stimulates an immune response
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔
✔✔lupus - ✔✔a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect various parts of the body;
there are 4 types: systemic, discoid, drug induced, and neonatal.
✔✔systemic lupus erythrematosis (SLE) - ✔✔lupus where the body forms
autoantibodies against DNA & RNA can damage any body cells, many body systems
can be involved; arthritis, low fever, butterfly rash, fatigue, photosensitivity, hair loss,
and Raynaud's phenomenon.
✔✔Raynaud's phenomenon - ✔✔fingers turn white & blue in the cold;a condition in
which the small blood vessels of the hands &/ feet contract in response to cold or
anxiety
✔✔Discoid/cutaneous lupus - ✔✔limited to skin; identified by a rash that may appear on
face, neck, & scalp
✔✔Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) - ✔✔can be brought on in 4% of patients
by 70 different prescription drugs; similar to SLE; disappear within days to months after
discontinuing the drug
✔✔Neonatal Lupus - ✔✔a rare condition acquired from the maternal autoantibodies
which can affect the skin, heart, and blood of the fetus & newborn; associated w/ a rash
that appears w/in several weeks of life & may persist for about six months before
disappearing
✔✔Scleroderma - ✔✔aka-systematic sclerosis; hardening of skin, autoimmune disease
of CT; characterized by fibrosis in the skin & organs; more common in women. there are
two classes: localized & systematic, of which both have subgroups
, ✔✔morphea - ✔✔type of localized scleroderma; local patches of scleroderma; first
signs are reddish patches of skin that thicken into firm, oval-shaped areas; the center
becomes ivory with violet borders; generally fades after 3-5 years
✔✔linear scleroderma - ✔✔characterized by a single line or band of thickened skin on
an arm or leg, sometimes forehead
✔✔localized scleroderma - ✔✔scleroderma affecting only skin & related tissues,
sometimes muscle
✔✔systemic scleroderma - ✔✔cleroderma affecting skin, tissues, blood vessels, &
major organs (fibrosis)
✔✔limited cutaneous scleroderma - ✔✔CREST Syndrome; systemic scleroderma;
typically comes on gradually on skin of fingers, hands, face, lower arms, legs
✔✔calcinosis - ✔✔the formation of calcium deposits in the CT; usually in fingers, hand,
face, & trunk; when deposits break through the skin, painful ulcers can result.
✔✔esophageal dysfunction - ✔✔refers to impaired function of the esophagus that
occurs when smooth muscles in the esophagus lose normal movement
✔✔sclerodactyly - ✔✔refers to thick & tight skin on the fingers, resulting from deposits
of excess collagen w/in skin layers
✔✔diffuse cutaneous scleroderma - ✔✔scleroderma that comes on suddenly; begins in
hands & spreads symmetrically; patients often are tired, lose appetite & weight, & have
joint swelling & pain
✔✔Sjögren's Syndrome - ✔✔chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the glands &
other tissues; symptoms include dry eyes, dry mouth, dry skin, & vaginal dryness.
✔✔how is HIV tested for? - ✔✔the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood can be
detected with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). if it's positive, the test is
usually confirmed using a Western Blot Test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can
also be used to test for HIV
✔✔vaccine - ✔✔a low dose of dead deactivated bacteria or virus that stimulates an
immune response
✔✔toxoids - ✔✔a chemically altered toxin that stimulates an immune response
