HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY END OF COURSE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔which antibody is produced in excess during an allergic response? - ✔✔IgE
✔✔AIDS invades & damages leukocytes, especially targeting the __________. -
✔✔helper or CD4 lymphocytes
✔✔which cells are involved in both cellular & humoral reactions during an immune
response? - ✔✔helper cells
✔✔contagious/communicable - ✔✔diseases transmitted by human contact
✔✔noncommunicable - ✔✔cannot be transmitted directly from person to person
✔✔epidemic - ✔✔if a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area
✔✔endemic - ✔✔when a disease always occurs at low levels in a population
✔✔pandemic - ✔✔when an epidemic has spread to include several large areas
worldwide
✔✔notifiable diseases - ✔✔certain diseases are under constant surveillance & are
required by physicians are required to report the occurrence of these diseases to the
CDC
✔✔normal flora/ microbiota - ✔✔microbes that are normal & do not harm us & in some
cases help us by preventing overgrowth of harmful microbes & producing vitamins
✔✔resevoir - ✔✔source of an infectious agents: s.a. humans, animals, insects, soil, &
water
, ✔✔horizontal transmission - ✔✔when an infectious disease is transmitted directly from
infected human to susceptible human
✔✔vertical transmission - ✔✔transmitted to newborns from infected mother
✔✔parenternal route - ✔✔when disease enters through punctures, injections, bites, &
surgery, allowing microbes to be deposited directly into the tissues below the skin
✔✔fomites - ✔✔inanimate objects that are contaminated by direct contact with a
reservoir
✔✔prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) - ✔✔an infectious agent composed only of
proteins; cause spongiform encephalopathies, in which the brain becomes riddled with
holes; cause brain damage by inducing abnormal folding of cellular proteins; no cure but
veeeeerrrrrry rare
✔✔capsid - ✔✔Outer protein coat of a virus
✔✔gram stain - ✔✔tests thickness of cell walls of bacteria
✔✔binary fission - ✔✔fast bacteria reproduction by splitting
✔✔helminths - ✔✔parasititic worms
✔✔Ascaris - ✔✔worm from tropical regions that live in human intestines
✔✔difference between tumors & neoplasms - ✔✔a tumor fundamentally means swelling
while neoplasia refers to new growth
✔✔cyclins - ✔✔A group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a
cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell
cycle
✔✔apoptosis - ✔✔Programmed cell death
✔✔mesothelioma - ✔✔Cancer usually associated with previous exposure to asbestos
affecting the pleura, the lining of the abdominal cavity, the pericardium, and most
internal organ coverings
✔✔stridor - ✔✔A high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the
upper airway
✔✔hepatocellular carcinoma - ✔✔malignancy of the liver cells
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔which antibody is produced in excess during an allergic response? - ✔✔IgE
✔✔AIDS invades & damages leukocytes, especially targeting the __________. -
✔✔helper or CD4 lymphocytes
✔✔which cells are involved in both cellular & humoral reactions during an immune
response? - ✔✔helper cells
✔✔contagious/communicable - ✔✔diseases transmitted by human contact
✔✔noncommunicable - ✔✔cannot be transmitted directly from person to person
✔✔epidemic - ✔✔if a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area
✔✔endemic - ✔✔when a disease always occurs at low levels in a population
✔✔pandemic - ✔✔when an epidemic has spread to include several large areas
worldwide
✔✔notifiable diseases - ✔✔certain diseases are under constant surveillance & are
required by physicians are required to report the occurrence of these diseases to the
CDC
✔✔normal flora/ microbiota - ✔✔microbes that are normal & do not harm us & in some
cases help us by preventing overgrowth of harmful microbes & producing vitamins
✔✔resevoir - ✔✔source of an infectious agents: s.a. humans, animals, insects, soil, &
water
, ✔✔horizontal transmission - ✔✔when an infectious disease is transmitted directly from
infected human to susceptible human
✔✔vertical transmission - ✔✔transmitted to newborns from infected mother
✔✔parenternal route - ✔✔when disease enters through punctures, injections, bites, &
surgery, allowing microbes to be deposited directly into the tissues below the skin
✔✔fomites - ✔✔inanimate objects that are contaminated by direct contact with a
reservoir
✔✔prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) - ✔✔an infectious agent composed only of
proteins; cause spongiform encephalopathies, in which the brain becomes riddled with
holes; cause brain damage by inducing abnormal folding of cellular proteins; no cure but
veeeeerrrrrry rare
✔✔capsid - ✔✔Outer protein coat of a virus
✔✔gram stain - ✔✔tests thickness of cell walls of bacteria
✔✔binary fission - ✔✔fast bacteria reproduction by splitting
✔✔helminths - ✔✔parasititic worms
✔✔Ascaris - ✔✔worm from tropical regions that live in human intestines
✔✔difference between tumors & neoplasms - ✔✔a tumor fundamentally means swelling
while neoplasia refers to new growth
✔✔cyclins - ✔✔A group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a
cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell
cycle
✔✔apoptosis - ✔✔Programmed cell death
✔✔mesothelioma - ✔✔Cancer usually associated with previous exposure to asbestos
affecting the pleura, the lining of the abdominal cavity, the pericardium, and most
internal organ coverings
✔✔stridor - ✔✔A high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the
upper airway
✔✔hepatocellular carcinoma - ✔✔malignancy of the liver cells
